ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to present the achievements concerning the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to the assessment of efficiency in the area of road traffic safety worldwide and to use it to compare and assess the technical efficiency of road traffic safety measures at the provincial level in Poland.Material and methodsThe CCR model based on inputs in the sense of Farell-Debreu was used to evaluate efficiency.ResultsBased on research carried out into road traffic safety measures by province, using the DEA -CCR model, it appears that the fully effective provinces are the Dolnośląskie, Łódzkie and Świętokrzyskie. On the other hand, the provinces of Śląskie and Podlasie are the least effective. The technical efficiency of most provinces is low. Of the provinces studied, three achieve constant economies of scale; these are fully efficient, nine have increasing economies of scale, and two have decreasing economies of scale.ConclusionsThe DEA method’s use to assess the efficiency of road safety measures in Poland is an essential tool in decision-making at various levels of governing. At the same time, as in the case of other methods of assessing road safety measures, they are challenging to define quantitatively, and they require great caution in formulating conclusions. It seems necessary to consider additional information and data on the course of the analysed processes to make rational decisions.