The article presents an innovative method of Active Thermoacoustic Testing (ATAT) for aircraft composite structures, aimed at enhancing material reliability and durability. Modern aviation increasingly employs composites, such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, which offer high strength-to-weight ratios. However, the use of these materials carries the risk of internal defects - microcracks, cases of delamination, and voids - that are difficult to detect with conventional methods. The developed ATAT method integrates a comprehensive structural health monitoring system based on thermoacoustic excitation. The principle involves localized heating and acoustic stimulation of the material, enabling real-time diagnostics of defect formation and progression. The methodology is grounded in mathematical models of heat transfer, acoustic wave propagation, and mechanical vibrations, which describe energy distribution within the material structure. The proposed technique comprises nine key stages, from control system preparation and data collection to defect analysis, damage mitigation, and residual lifespan prediction. ATAT implementation significantly reduces maintenance costs, minimizes the risk of failures, and extends the service life of aircraft components. The results demonstrate the method’s high efficiency in aviation and its potential for integration into serial production.