This article concerns the mongolian languages fishery terminology analysis carried out to identify the turkic-mongolian parallels relating to the names and aquatic means of transport, objects of fishery, ways and methods of fishing and the fishing tackles in its structure. The analysis is based on the Halkha-Mongolian, Buryat, Kalmyk languages, and the old Mongolian written language. Turkic material was mostly taken from the old Turkic dictionary, which is a compilation of lexicon from the old Turkish writing artifacts. Comparative study of the Mongolian and the old Turkic languages allowed to reveal insignificant number of the turkic-mongolian parallels concerning both names of fishes, names of fishing tackles and aquatic means of transport.