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IEEE Access
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
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IEEE Access
Article . 2023
Data sources: DOAJ
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Toward Memory-Efficient and Interpretable Factorization Machines via Data and Model Binarization

Authors: Yu Geng; Liang Lan; William K. Cheung;

Toward Memory-Efficient and Interpretable Factorization Machines via Data and Model Binarization

Abstract

Factorization Machines (FM) is a general predictor that can efficiently model feature interactions in linear time, and thus has been broadly used for regression, classification and ranking tasks. Subspace Encoding Factorization Machine (SEFM) is one of the recent approaches which is proposed to enhance FM’s effectiveness by explicit nonlinear feature mapping for both individual features and feature interactions through equal-width binning per input feature. SEFM, despite its effectiveness, has a major drawback of increasing the memory cost of FM by $b$ times where $b$ is the number of bins adopted for the binning. To reduce the memory cost of SEFM, we propose Binarized FM (BiFM) in which each model parameter takes only a binary value (i.e., 1 or −1) and thus can be efficiently stored using one bit. We derive an algorithm which can learn the proposed FM with binary constraints using Straight Through Estimator (STE) with Adaptive Gradient Descent (Adagrad). For performance evaluation, we compare our proposed methods with a number of baselines based on eight different classification datasets. Our experimental results demonstrated that BiFM can achieve higher accuracy than SEFM at much less memory cost. BiFM also inherits the interpretability property from SEFM, and together with adaptive data binning methods can result in a more compact and interpretable set of classification rules.

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Keywords

memory-efficient design, factorization machines, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Binarization, interpretability, TK1-9971

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold