Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations from rare indolent cases requiring no immediate treatment to aggressive fast-proliferating tumors. Differences in clinical behavior are rooted in molecular grounds which in the latest edition of WHO hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumor classification formed the basis for dividing MCL into two variants: classical (in most cases) and indolent. In last decades, our insight into biology and disease development mechanisms has been considerably enhanced. Further, it will help to risk stratify patients not only according to clinical factors (MIPI) but also taking into account molecular and biological properties of tumor (Ki-67 proliferation index, ТР53, NOTCH1, and NOTCH2 mutations, complex karyotype, and unmutated IGHV status). Treatment algorithms based on intensive chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with further rituximab maintenance therapy ensure long-term monitoring of the disease in many MCL patients. The use of new “chemo-free” regimens and rational combinations (bortezomib, BTK inhibitors, lenalidomide, and venetoclax) offers the hope of a departure from conventional chemotherapy for a certain part of patients. Novel drugs with unique modes of action enabled, to some extent, to deconstruct the stigma of MCL fatality.