Sexual assault remains a significant issue in contemporary society, however, it is a notably under-researched topic. In Ireland, the Sexual Assault Treatment Unit (SATU) network plays a critical role in providing medical and forensic care to individuals who have recently experienced sexual assault or rape. This thesis presents research conducted between 2017 and 2023, encompassing several pioneering studies with some featuring the largest sample sizes reported internationally. Over the study period, annual attendances at SATUs nationwide exceeded 1,000, reflecting a growing demand for these services.The thesis offers a comprehensive analysis of specific patient populations accessing SATU care, focusing on demographic, attendance, and incident-related data. Subset analyses were performed to identify trends and associations within these groups. Additionally, a systematic review examined the prevalence of anogenital injuries following sexual assault. Based on this review, a novel data collection tool was developed, facilitating the collection of Ireland-specific data to determine the prevalence of such injuries within the Irish SATU population.Another critical aspect of this research involved enhancing the education of General practitioners in post-sexual assault care. The study assessed the impact of targeted training on improving their understanding of this specialised field.The overarching aim of this research is to provide insights into the differences among patient populations to inform the development of targeted treatment protocols, prevention measures, and awareness campaigns. These findings will support the implementation of tailored care pathways and patient-centred interventions. The study's results on the prevalence of anogenital injuries will enable forensic examiners to deliver evidence-based testimony and guide future research in this area.This work is expected to influence government policy by contributing to the creation of robust and consistent strategies for preventing sexual assault and enhancing post-assault care. It will also shape education and awareness initiatives, ultimately improving the provision of care and support for survivors.