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System Analysis of Classification of Prime Knots and Links in Thickened Surfaces of Genus 1 and 2

Authors: Akimova, A.A.;

System Analysis of Classification of Prime Knots and Links in Thickened Surfaces of Genus 1 and 2

Abstract

A.A. Akimova, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, akimovaaa@susu.ru Алена Андреевна Акимова, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры математического и компьютерного моделирования; доцент кафедры уравнений математической физики, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (г. Челябинск, Российская Федерация), akimovaaa@susu.ru. In this paper, we present a system analysis of approaches to classification of prime knots and links in thickened surfaces of genus 1 and 2 obtained by the author in collaboration with S.V. Matveev and V.V. Tarkaev in 2012 – 2020. The algorithm of the classification forms structure of the present paper. The results of classification are considered within system analysis of the main ideas of key steps of the algorithm. First, we construct prime projections. To this end, we define a prime link projection, enumerate graphs of special type which embedding in the surface can be a prime projection, enumerate projections in the surface, and show that all obtained projections are prime and not equivalent using some invariants of projections. Second, we construct prime links. To this end, we define a prime link, construct a preliminary set of diagrams, use invariants of links to form equivalence classes of the obtained diagrams and show that the resulting diagrams are not equivalent, and prove primality of the obtained links. At that, at each step, the used methods and the introduced objects are characterized from viewpoints of two cases (genus 1 and 2), and we distinguish properties that are common for both cases or characteristics of only one of two cases. Note consolidated tables, which systematize the classified projections with respect to their properties: generative graph, genus, number of components and crossings, existence and absence of bigon that simplifies the further work with the proposed classification of projections and links. В данной работе представлен системный анализ подходов к классификации примарных узлов и зацеплений в утолщенных поверхностях рода 1 и 2, полученной автором совместно с С.В. Матвеевым и В.В. Таркаевым в 2012 – 2020 гг. Алгоритм классификации формирует структуру настоящей статьи. Результаты классификации рассматриваются в разрезе системного анализа основных идей ключевых шагов алгоритма. Во-первых, мы строим примарные проекции. Для этого мы определяем понятие примарной проекции зацепления, перечисляем графы специального вида, чье вложение в поверхность может быть примарной проекцией, перечисляем проекции на поверхности и показываем, что все полученные проекции примарны и не эквивалентны, используя ряд инвариантов проекций. Во-вторых, мы строим примарные зацепления. Для этого мы определяем понятие примарного зацепления, строим предварительное множество диаграмм, используем инварианты зацеплений, чтобы сформировать классы эквивалентностей зацеплений и показать, что полученные диаграммы не эквивалентны, и доказываем примарность полученных зацеплений. При этом, на каждом этапе используемые методы и вводимые понятия характеризуются в разрезе двух случаев (род 1 и 2), выделяются как общие, так и характерные только для одного из рассматриваемых случаев свойства. Интерес представляют сводные таблицы, в которых классифицированные проекции систематизированы по свойствам: порождающий граф, род, число компонент и перекрестков, наличие или отсутствие двуугольной грани, что облегчает дальнейшую работу с предлагаемой классификацией проекций и зацеплений. The author is grateful to Professor G.A. Sviridyuk for the problem statement. The work is supported by the RFBR grant No. 20-01-00127.

Country
Russian Federation
Keywords

зацепление, утолщенный тор, обобщенный скобочный полином Кауфмана, классификация, prime projection, link, thickened torus, tabulation, Kauffman bracket frame, утолщенная поверхность рода 2, thickened surface of genus 2, узел, classification, табулирование, knot, скелет скобки Кауфмана, примарная проекция, УДК 515.162, generalised Kauffman bracket polynomial

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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