The article is dedicated to the comparison of anthropological models of the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Bible (Septuagint). Through lexical and theological analysis, the article reveals the correlation of typical anthropological ideas of the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint. Based on this analysis, the main tendencies, innovations and changes in the field of the anthropology of the Septuagint are identified. In this article a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, which describes a person and his inner world, is carried out. The concepts of “spirit”, “soul”, “body”, “flesh”, “heart”, etc. are considered. The article discusses the features of the translation of the key anthropological vocabulary of the Hebrew Bible into Greek. The question of the use of dichotomous and trichotomous approaches to the interpretation of anthropological vocabulary in the Septuagint is considered. The influence of dualistic anthropology on the interpretation of the main anthropological concepts used in the texts of the Septuagint is investigated. Examples, in which there is a tendency to “spiritualization” of the Bible, are considered. The nature of the use of Greek vocabulary associated with the ideas of the resurrection from the dead and eternal life in the books from the complete corpus of the Septuagint, the works of Philo and the Greek translation of the First Book of Enoch is investigated. The use of vocabulary related to the theme of the individual Adam and “man” as a generic concept is considered. The problem of discrepancies in the use of the name Adam in the Greek Bible and the Hebrew Bible is investigated. The reasons for the fact that the “personalization” of the first person (Adam) in the story of the creation of humankind in the Septuagint is indicated earlier than in the Hebrew Bible are described. The features of the interpretation of the expression “image of God” (Gen 1:27) in the writings of Philo of Alexandria are considered.