
Résumé Dans son écoulement perpétuel, l'eau joue un rôle important dans la dialectique des oppositions qui caractérise les principaux passages de la vie humaine (chasteté/fécondité, pollution/purification, mort/renaissance). L'élément aquatique représente également une frontière entre la sphère terrestre et celle des Enfers : il apparaît donc particulièrement adapté au culte des déesses chthoniennes. L'objectif de la contribution est de mettre en évidence le rapport entre l'eau et un sanctuaire dédié à Déméter Thesmophoros d'après l'épigraphie, tel que celui situé sur la colline de Bitalemi à Gela, intensément fréquenté entre le dernier quart du viie siècle et la fin du ve siècle avant notre ère. Le thème sera abordé en mettant l'accent sur la valeur liminale de l'eau qui, dans le cas du sanctuaire de Bitalemi, est suggérée par la présence de la rivière voisine, qui sépare l'aire sacrée de la colline qui abrite la ville antique, par celle de la mer voisine, et enfin par la présence d'une zone marécageuse située légèrement au nord-ouest. Les différentes hypothèses relatives à la reconstruction de l'ancien paysage et aux changements possibles des éléments aquatiques (comme le cours de la rivière, le littoral et la zone marécageuse) par rapport à la situation actuelle seront examinées. Dans la deuxième partie de l'article, le thème de l'eau sera analysé en tant que ressource vitale et élément rituel, en vertu de son fort pouvoir purificateur et régénérateur par rapport aux plux importants passages de la vie des femmes. Abstract In its perpetual flow, water plays a significant role in the dialectic of oppositions that characterizes the main passages of human life (chastity/fecundity, pollution/purification, death/rebirth). The aquatic element represents also a border between the earth sphere and that of the Underworld: it therefore appears particularly suitable to the cult of the chthonian goddesses. The purpose of the contribution is to highlight the relationship between water and a sanctuary dedicated to Demeter Thesmophoros on an epigraphic basis, such as that located on the hill of Bitalemi at Gela, intensively frequented between the last quarter of the 7th century and the end of the 5th century B.C. The theme will be approached focusing on the liminal value of water, which in the case of the sanctuary of Bitalemi is suggested by the presence of the nearby river, which separates the sacred area from the hill that houses the ancient city, by that of the nearby sea, and finally by the presence of a marshy area located slightly northwest. The various hypotheses relating to the reconstruction of the ancient landscape and to possible changes of the aquatic elements (as the river course, the coastline and the marshy area) compared to the current situation will be considered. In the second part of the contribution the theme of water will be analyzed as well as a vital resource and a ritual element, by virtue of its strong purifying and regenerating power in relation to the most significant passages of the female life.
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, hydriai, river, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Déméter, fleuve, marais., [SHS.RELIG] Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions, swamp, Gela, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, water., eau, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Bitalemi, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Demeter
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, hydriai, river, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Déméter, fleuve, marais., [SHS.RELIG] Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions, swamp, Gela, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, water., eau, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Bitalemi, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Demeter
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