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Avalanche disaster review in Turkey

Обзор лавинных катастроф в Турции
Authors: Ibrahim Gurer;

Avalanche disaster review in Turkey

Abstract

Одним из стихийных бедствий, встречающихся в основном на склонах и в весенний период, в горных районах и высокогорных плоскогорьях Турции, в Центральной и Восточной Анатолии, являются лавины. Особенно в сильноснежных районах Восточной Анатолии люди, живущие в деревнях, удаленных от городских центров, лишаются жизни и домов, дороги перекрываются. Энергетические опоры и линии электропередач разрушаются из-за сильного снежного покрова и схода лавин. Во время метелей чрезмерное скопление снега на плоских и земляных крышах, обледенение карнизов отрицательно сказываются на условиях жизни людей. Ежегодно около 25 человек погибает в результате схода лавин в городских районах, очень мало в местах зимнего туризма, а потери имущества точно не известны. В этом исследовании иллюстрируется нынешняя ситуация с территориальным распространением лавин, их распределение во времени и, в этом контексте, недавние исследования по картированию лавин, моделированию, которые были выполнены до сих пор. На основании имеющихся данных выделены лавиноопасные зоны в Турции, дан анализ лавинных данных за период с 1950 по 2019 год. Определены структурные и неструктурные меры, необходимые для борьбы с лавинной проблемой. Обсуждаются мнения о необходимости координации деятельности государственных структур по предотвращению схода лавин. One of the natural disasters encountered mostly on barren slopes and in the spring season, in the mountainous parts and high plateaus of Turkey, in Central and Eastern Anatolia, is avalanche. Especially in heavy snow areas of the Eastern Anatolia, people living in villages and hamlets far from the city centers, lose their lives and homes, roads are closed. Energy pilons and energy transmission lines are destroyed due to heavy snow accumulation and avalanches. During snow storms, excessive snow accumulation on flat and earthen roofs, and icing on eaves adversly affect the living conditions of people. Every year, about 25 people lives are lost in avalanche accidents in urban areas, very few at winter tourism locations, and the loss of property is not clearly known. In this study, the present situation of the areal distribution of avalanche events, their distribution in time, and in this context, the recent avalanche mapping, modelling and simulation studies that have been done so far are exemplified. Based on the data available, avalanche-hazardous zones in Turkey are identified, the analysis of avalanche data for the period 1950–2019 is given. The structural and non-structural measures necessary to control the avalanche problem are defined. Opinions are shared on the necessity of coordination among the state institutions working on avalanche disaster prevention.

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Keywords

динамическое моделирование лавин, Geography (General), возникновение и движение лавин, dynamic avalanche modelling, avalanche disaster in Turkey, GC1-1581, лавинное картографирование, Oceanography, release and motion of avalanches, зимние климатические условия, avalanche mapping study, winter climatic conditions, stability of snow layer on slopes, G1-922, лавинные катастрофы в Турции, устойчивость снежного покрова на склонах

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold