This work explores the disparities between the Arab and Jewish education systems in Israel, focusing on structural inequalities, government policies, and recent developments in educational outcomes. Drawing on official data and academic research, it highlights persistent funding and infrastructure gaps, differences in teacher training, and varying levels of access to non-formal education. The paper pays particular attention to Government Resolutions 922 and 550, which sought to reduce inequalities through targeted funding and support for Arab local authorities in Israel. While these initiatives have led to some improvements - such as increased participation in higher education and improvement in teacher qualifications—many gaps remain, especially in infrastructure and academic achievement. The findings emphasize the need for sustained investment, structural reform, and culturally responsive education policy to advance equity between the two systems.