Various aspects of the military history and military culture of the Circassians in the European Late Middle Ages and early Modern times which coincided with the maturity of Kabardian feudalism, is the traditional theme of Russian Caucasian studies. Despite this, even on basic issues, which include the estimation of the number of the military-service class in Kabarda, there is no scientific consensus in Adyge studies. This is due, firstly, to the lack of documentary material on the early periods of the history of the Circassian principalities, and secondly, to the uncritical and abundant citation of written narrative sources of the 17th-18th centuries with the simultaneous extrapolation of their data to the entire Middle Ages. Without reaching a consensus on this issue, it is impossible to determine the general demographic parameters of Circassia’s princely possessions (size and internal structure of the population, etc.) during their heyday. And without this, it is impossible to adequately typologize the polities of the Western Caucasus and assess the complex demographic and socio-cultural processes that took place in the region throughout the entire period from the 16th century up to the end of the Caucasian War. A few, but rather detailed written sources on the number of the military-service class in various feudal estates of Kabarda have been found since the 40s of the 17th century. They correlate with a large framework of later archival and narrative sources of the 17th-18th centuries and make it possible to determine the mobilization resource and the total number of the military-service class of Kabarda in the period of the Late Middle Ages and in the modern times with sufficient precision.