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Dietary chlorpyrifos-methyl exposure impair transcription of immune-, detoxification- and redox signaling genes in leukocytes isolated from cod (Gadus morhua)

Authors: Elisabeth Holen; Marit Espe; Anett K. Larsen; Pål A. Olsvik;

Dietary chlorpyrifos-methyl exposure impair transcription of immune-, detoxification- and redox signaling genes in leukocytes isolated from cod (Gadus morhua)

Abstract

Inclusion of new environmental toxicants increase with the amount of plant ingredients substituting marine proteins and oils in feed for farmed Atlantic salmon (Salma salar). Agricultural pesticides like chlorpyrifos-methyl, present in commercial salmon feeds, may affect salmon immune and detoxification responses. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), surrounding the net pens, grazing on feces and uneaten pellets may be affected accordingly. The aim of this study was to analyze transcription responses in Atlantic cod head kidney tissue and isolated leukocytes following dietary chlorpyrifos-methyl inclusions and possible interactions with proinflammatory signals. Head kidney tissues and leukocytes were isolated from cod fed diets contaminated with chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.5 mg/kg, 2.4 mg/kg, 23.2 mg/kg) for 30 days. The isolated leukocytes were further challenged with bacteria (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), virus (polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (PIC) mimic and l-arginine, an immuno-modulating amino acid, in vitro. The LPS-induced transcription of the interleukin genes il-1β, il-6, il-8 increased in leukocytes isolated from cod fed chlorpyrifos-methyl 23.2 mg/kg, compared to cod fed the control diet, indicating increased inflammation. Transcriptional levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (cpt1a), aryl hydrogen receptor (ahr) and catalase (cat) were all reduced by dietary inclusions of chlorpyrifos-methyl in the leukocytes. The findings suggests that dietary chlorpyrifos-methyl exposure impair inflammation, detoxification and redox signaling in cod leukocytes.

Keywords

Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Salmo salar, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Generell immunologi: 478, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, Gadus morhua, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi: 489, Leukocytes, Animals, Chlorpyrifos, Oxidation-Reduction

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid