
doi: 10.1111/bjh.19387
pmid: 38432067
SummaryKabuki syndrome (KS) is now listed in the Human Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) Classification. It is a rare disease caused by KMT2D and KDM6A variants, dominated by intellectual disability and characteristic facial features. Recurrently, pathogenic variants are identified in those genes in patients examined for autoimmune cytopenia (AIC), but interpretation remains challenging. This study aims to describe the genetic diagnosis and the clinical management of patients with paediatric‐onset AIC and KS. Among 11 patients with AIC and KS, all had chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and seven had Evans syndrome. All had other associated immunopathological manifestations, mainly symptomatic hypogammaglobinaemia. They had a median of 8 (5–10) KS‐associated manifestations. Pathogenic variants were detected in KMT2D gene without clustering, during the immunological work‐up of AIC in three cases, and the clinical strategy to validate them is emphasized. Eight patients received second‐line treatments, mainly rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil. With a median follow‐up of 17 (2–31) years, 8/10 alive patients still needed treatment for AIC. First‐line paediatricians should be able to recognize and confirm KS in children with ITP or multiple AIC, to provide early appropriate clinical management and specific long‐term follow‐up. The epigenetic immune dysregulation in KS opens exciting new perspectives.
MESH: Neoplasm Proteins, Male, MESH: Anemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Evans syndrome, MESH: Autoimmune Diseases, MESH: Child, Child, Histone Demethylases, Idiopathic, MESH: Hematologic Diseases, MESH: Infant, Neoplasm Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA-Binding Proteins, Vestibular Diseases, MESH: Abnormalities, Child, Preschool, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, inherited errors of immunity, Female, MESH: Rituximab, MESH: Vestibular Diseases, Rituximab, MESH: Face, Multiple, MESH: Mutation, Adolescent, 610, Autoimmune Diseases, MESH: Histone Demethylases, childhood ITP, MESH: Purpura, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Preschool, MESH: Thrombocytopenia, MESH: Adolescent, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic, MESH: Humans, Kabuki syndrome, Infant, Hematologic Diseases, Thrombocytopenia, MESH: Male, Thrombocytopenic, MESH: Cytopenia, Face, Mutation, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune, Hemolytic, MESH: Female, MESH: DNA-Binding Proteins, Autoimmune
MESH: Neoplasm Proteins, Male, MESH: Anemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Evans syndrome, MESH: Autoimmune Diseases, MESH: Child, Child, Histone Demethylases, Idiopathic, MESH: Hematologic Diseases, MESH: Infant, Neoplasm Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA-Binding Proteins, Vestibular Diseases, MESH: Abnormalities, Child, Preschool, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, inherited errors of immunity, Female, MESH: Rituximab, MESH: Vestibular Diseases, Rituximab, MESH: Face, Multiple, MESH: Mutation, Adolescent, 610, Autoimmune Diseases, MESH: Histone Demethylases, childhood ITP, MESH: Purpura, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Preschool, MESH: Thrombocytopenia, MESH: Adolescent, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic, MESH: Humans, Kabuki syndrome, Infant, Hematologic Diseases, Thrombocytopenia, MESH: Male, Thrombocytopenic, MESH: Cytopenia, Face, Mutation, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune, Hemolytic, MESH: Female, MESH: DNA-Binding Proteins, Autoimmune
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 2 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
