During 1996-1999 a field experiment with different varieties of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) was carried out on brown loamy arable soil within an ecological system in Nitra region. The yield formation characters and the crop yield itself were investigated in three spelt wheat cultivars (Bauländer Spelz, Schwabenkorn, Roquin) and compared with common wheat, cultivar Samanta. The achieved results revealed that the agroecological conditions of Nitra region where most suitable for the Bauländer Spelz cultivar of German origin, with the highest crop yield of 6.06 t.ha-1, i. e. 92.2% of common wheat yield. This cultivar reached the lowest percentage of glumes (26.13%), the highest TGW (49.29 g), the longest spike (112.45 mm), the highest number of fertile spikelets (14.32) and the highest weight of grains per spike (1.33 g). All of the spelt wheat cultivars had lower productive density of stand (501.3 to 518.7 productive stems per square meter) than common wheat (605.3 productive stems per square meter).