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História da Hemoterapia no Brasil History of Brazilian Hemotherapy

Authors: Pedro C. Junqueira; Jacob Rosenblit; Nelson Hamerschlak;

História da Hemoterapia no Brasil History of Brazilian Hemotherapy

Abstract

A transfusão de sangue teve dois períodos: um empírico, que vai até 1900, e outro científico, de 1900 em diante. No Brasil, em 1879, um relato discutia se a melhor transfusão seria com sangue de animais para humanos ou entre seres humanos. Na era científica, os pioneiros da hemoterapia foram cirurgiões do Rio de Janeiro. Por volta de 1920 surgem os primeiros serviços organizados e de constituição bastante simples. Destaca-se, nos anos 40, no Rio de Janeiro, o STS (Serviço de Transfusão de Sangue) por ter, além da conotação assistencial, atividades científicas. No final desta década, é promovido o I Congresso Paulista de Hemoterapia, que forneceu as bases para a fundação da Sociedade Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, em 1950. Em 1965 cria-se, por iniciativa do Ministério da Saúde, a Comissão Nacional de Hemoterapia, estabelecendo normas para proteção dos doadores e receptores de sangue. Mesmo assim, chegamos em 1979 com um sistema desorganizado e desigual na qualidade dos serviços prestados. Nos anos 80, a criação da Política Nacional do Sangue, a campanha da doação altruísta de sangue da SBHH e a Constituição de 1980 deram outra dimensão à hemoterapia brasileira. Chegamos então ao contemporâneo onde a desastrosa ocorrência da AIDS em pacientes transfundidos obrigou a novos conceitos e cuidados. Além disso, outros fatos importantes contribuíram para a hemoterapia no País, como o conceito da hemoterapia clínica, fatores econômicos, desenvolvimento da genética molecular e biotecnologia, a terapia celular, a renovação de equipamentos, a automação e computação, os sistemas da qualidade e o interesse do hemoterapeuta por áreas científicas de ponta.Blood transfusion had two major periods: one empiric to 1900, and another scientific from 1900 on. In 1879, in Brazil, a report discussed if the best transfusion would be between animals and men or between human beings. The pioneers of hemotherapy were surgeons of Rio de Janeiro. Around 1920, there were the first very simple but organized services. During the 40´s, we highlight Rio de Janeiro´s Blood Transfusion Service (Seviço de Transfusão de Sangue - STS), that held both assistencial and scientific activities. At the end of that decade, there was the 1st Sao Paulo Hemotherapy Congress (1 Congresso Paulista de Hemoterapia), that provided the basis to the Brazilian Hematology and Hemotherapy Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia), in 1950. In 1965, thanks to Brazilian Health Ministry, the National Hemotherapy Commission was created, thus establishing rules to protect blood donors and patients. Then, we get to 1979 with a desorganized and uneven quality system. During the 80´s with the establishment of a National Blood Policy, the altruistic donation Program and the 1980 Brazilian Contitution, Hemotherapy could reach another level. Then we get to AIDS era and we head to new concepts and care. Furthermore, there were new concepts of clinical hemotherapy, economic factors, biotecnology, cell therapy, new equipment, computers, quality systems and the increasing study of state-of-the-art scientific areas.

Keywords

blood banks, History of blood transfusion, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, hemoterapia no Brasil, hemotherapy in Brazil, RC633-647.5, História da transfusão de sangue, bancos de sangue

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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