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La hemostasia en el embarazo Hemostasia in pregnancy

Authors: Delfina Almagro Vázquez;

La hemostasia en el embarazo Hemostasia in pregnancy

Abstract

En el embarazo se producen alteraciones del mecanismo hemostático que determinan condiciones particulares, las cuales propician la activación de este sistema biológico ante estímulos que en otra situación serían adecuadamente controlados por el organismo. Se ha comprobado que en el embarazo existe un estado de hipercoagulabilidad, por lo que se ha incluido en el grupo de las llamadas trombofilias adquiridas. En la tendencia trombótica del embarazo intervienen decisivamente elementos esenciales del mecanismo hemostático, el sistema de la coagulación, las plaquetas y el mecanismo fibrinolítico. Durante la gestación, se ha observado un aumento progresivo del fibrinógeno y los factores VII, VIII, IX y von Willebrand, complejos solubles de fibrina, complejos trombina-antitrombina y fragmentos 1 + 2 de la protrombina. También se ha encontrado disminución de la proteína C y de la proteína S, así como un aumento de la agregación plaquetaria, reducción de la capacidad de respuesta a la estimulación por la prostaciclina y disminución de la formación de AMP C. El embarazo ejerce un efecto notable sobre el sistema fibrinolítico fundamentalmente por aumento progresivo del inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1) y el inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno tipo 2 (PAI-2)There are hemostatic mechanism alterations in pregnancy that determine particular conditions which facilitate the activation of this biological system before stimuli that otherwise would be adequately controlled by the body. It has been confirmed that there exists hypercoagulability in pregnancy, therefore it has been included in the group of the so called acquired thrombophilias. Basic elements of the hemostatic mechanism, the coagulation system, platelets and fibrinolytic mechanism affect in a decisive way the thrombotic trend of pregnancy. During pregnancy, a series of changes is observed in the clotting mechanism such as progressive increase of fibrinogen and factors VII, VIII, IX and von Willebrand, soluble fibrin complexes, thrombin-prothrombin complexes and 1 + 2 fragments of prothrombin. A decrease in protein C and protein S has also been found. Platelets play an important role in the thrombotic trend during pregnancy, also an increase of platelet aggregation, a reduction of responsive capacity to activation by prostacycline and a decline in AMPc formation have been observed. Pregnancy has a remarkable effect on the fIbrinolytic system, fundamentally due to a progressive increase of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA1-I) and the type-2 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2)

Keywords

HEMOSTATICS, FIBRINOLISIS, HEMOSTATICOS, PLAQUETAS, RC581-607, PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, HEMATOLOGIC, COMPLICACIONES HEMATOLOGICAS DEL EMBARAZO, FIBRINOLYSIS, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, BLOOD PLATELETS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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