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Cadernos de Saúde Pública
Article . 2003
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Validity of the risk adjustment approach to compare outcomes Validade da abordagem do ajuste de risco para a comparação de resultados de serviços de saúde

Authors: Leticia Krauss Silva;

Validity of the risk adjustment approach to compare outcomes Validade da abordagem do ajuste de risco para a comparação de resultados de serviços de saúde

Abstract

This paper focuses on the issue of the extent to which the present mainstream risk adjustment (RA) methodology for measuring outcomes is a valid and useful tool for quality-improvement activities. The method's predictive and attributional validity are discussed, considering the confounding and effect modification produced by medical care over risk variables' effect. For this purpose, the sufficient-cause model and the counterfactual approach to effect and interaction are tentatively applied to the relationships between risk (prognostic) variables, medical technology, and quality of care. The main conclusions are that quality of care modifies the antagonistic interaction between medical technologies and risk variables, related to different types of responders, as well as the confounding of the effect of risk variables produced by related medical technologies. Thus, confounding of risk factors in the RA method, which limits the latter's predictive validity, is related to the efficacy and complexity of associated medical technologies and to the quality mix of services. Attributional validity depends on the validity of the probabilities estimated for each subgroup of risk (predictive validity) and the percentage of higher-risk patients at each service.Este trabalho focaliza a questão da validade da metodologia usual de ajuste de risco para comparar resultados de serviços de saúde e de sua utilidade para implementar atividades de melhoria da qualidade. As validades preditiva e atributiva do método são discutidas, considerando o confundimento e a modificação de efeito produzidas pela atenção médica sobre o efeito das variáveis de risco. Nesse sentido, as abordagens de causa suficiente e contrafactual para efeito e interação são tentativamente aplicadas às relações entre variáveis de risco, tecnologias médicas e qualidade da assistência. As principais conclusões são de que a qualidade do cuidado modifica a interação antagonista entre tecnologias médicas e variáveis de risco, relacionada a diferentes tipos de respostas, assim como o confundimento do efeito das variáveis de risco produzido pelas tecnologias médicas associadas. Assim, o confundimento dos fatores de risco no método de ajuste de risco, que limita sua validade preditiva, estaria relacionado à eficácia e à complexidade das tecnologias médicas associadas (considerando indicação e performance e sua relação com qualidade) e ao espectro de qualidade dos serviços. A validade atributiva dependeria da validade das probabilidades estimadas para cada subgrupo de risco (validade preditiva) e da porcentagem de pacientes de alto risco de cada serviço.

Keywords

Ajuste de Risco, R, Outcomes, Validity, Resultados, Medicine, Risk Adjustment, Validade, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold