A síndrome de Munchhausen resulta de um distúrbio psiquiátrico, no qual os pacientes conscientemente procuram demonstrar sinais e sintomas de doenças orgânicas graves. Foram encontrados na literatura 23 casos de hemoptise fictícia associada à síndrome de Munchhausen, dois com o mesmo mecanismo aqui descrito. Relata-se o caso de um paciente com diversas admissões hospitalares recentes por escarros sangüíneos, que resultavam em exaustivas investigações diagnósticas inconclusivas. Insistentemente questionado, confessou que aspirava o próprio sangue com uma seringa, armazenando-o na cavidade oral, e eliminando-o para forjar a hemoptise. A síndrome de Munchhausen deve ser considerada em pacientes com hemoptise de etiologia obscura.Munchhausen syndrome results from a psychiatric disorder in which patients attempt to demonstrate signs and symptoms of serious organic diseases. In a review of the literature, we found 23 cases of Munchhausen syndrome accompanied by factitious hemoptysis, 2 presenting the same mechanism described herein. We report the case of a 23-year-old male with a recent history of multiple hospital admissions for investigation of bloody sputum, although no conclusive diagnosis had been made. Upon insistent questioning the patient admitted to aspirating his own blood with a syringe, holding it in his mouth and eliminating it in order to simulate hemoptysis. Munchhausen syndrome should be considered in patients presenting hemoptysis of obscure etiology.