ObjectivePipeline robots are highly efficient and intelligent devices specifically designed for mobility within pipelines to perform tasks such as inspection and cleaning. The application of this technology can significantly reduce the risks and costs associated with manual pipeline operations, enhancing operational efficiency and safety. This article provided an in-depth analysis of the application prospects and technological development trends of pipeline robots in the field of pipeline inspection and cleaning.The article also provided an overview of the current state of research on pipeline robots, classifying them from multiple perspectives, including their modes of movement, functionalities, and areas of application.SignificanceBy examining the evolutionary trajectory of pipeline robots, this paper further distilled key technological points in the field and offers insights into technical challenges and future development trends, aiming to provide reference and guidance for further research and application of pipeline robot technology.