
Un implante dental es una pieza de biomaterial que se inserta en el hueso de la mandíbula para reemplazar la raíz de un diente. La oseointegración es la conexión firme, estable y duradera entre el implante dental y el tejido óseo formado a su alrededor. Esta formación de hueso está sujeta a los fenómenos de migración, proliferación y diferenciación celular que suceden en la denominada interfase hueso-implante dental. En este artículo se describen las generalidades de esta interfase a partir de la descripción biológica del hueso alveolar y de las características propias del implante dental. El objetivo es obtener las generalidades de la interfase hueso-implante dental a partir de una revisión de la literatura disponible en implantes dentales, teniendo en cuenta los avances que permiten un mejor recuperación tisular y las tendencias en términos de diseño y superficie. Se concluye que la biología del tejido óseo, las características del implante, el entorno fisiológico y las cargas mecánicas externas influyen en la consolidación de la interfase hueso-implante y su oseointegración.A dental implant is a biomaterial device inserted in the jaw bone to replace the root of a tooth. The osseointegration is the direct, stable and functional connection between the dental implant and the new bone formed around it. The formation of this new bone depends on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation processes carried out in the so-called bone-dental implant interface. In this article we present an overview of the bone-dental implant interface from the biological description of the alveolar bone and the characteristics of the dental implant. The aim is to obtain the main aspects of the bone-dental implant interface from the review of the available literature in dental implants that considers the mayor breakthroughs leading to a better tissue healing process in terms of implant design and surface. It is concluded that the biology of bone tissue, the implant characteristics, the physiological media and the mechanical forcers all are involved in the consolidation of the bone-dental implant interface and its osseointegration.
Medicine (General), interfase hueso-implante dental, dental implant, biocompatibilidad, hueso alveolar, osseointegration, alveolar bone, implante dental, surface topography, topografía superficial, biocompatibility, R5-920, bone-implant interface, oseointegración
Medicine (General), interfase hueso-implante dental, dental implant, biocompatibilidad, hueso alveolar, osseointegration, alveolar bone, implante dental, surface topography, topografía superficial, biocompatibility, R5-920, bone-implant interface, oseointegración
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