
The concept of Economic Value Added (EVA) and Market Value Added (MVA) has opened up new insights into the leverage effect of fixed costs (operational leverage) and interest (financial leverage), and for determining what effects the changes in sales would have through leverage, not only on profits, but also on EVA and MVA. The paper also introduces the leverage effect of the cost of equity as a new concept and illustrates how it reacts in conjunction with operating leverage and financial leverage to determine the total overall leverage of the company. A spreadsheet model was developed using a given level of operating leverage and financial leverage. The relationship between profits (after interest and tax) and EVA was determined by using the cost of own capital (equity), and this fixed amount can therefore be described as a leverage factor for EVA. Furthermore, the EVA leverage factor was combined with the operating and financial leverage in order to illustrate how the expected percentage change in EVA and MVA can be predicted, given a certain percentage change in sales (or profits). The results of the model were than analysed to reach conclusions.
degree of financial leverage (dfl), market value added (mva), weighted average cost of capital (wacc), Social sciences (General), H1-99, economic value added (eva), eva leverage, degree of operating leverage (dol), total degree of leverage (tdl)
degree of financial leverage (dfl), market value added (mva), weighted average cost of capital (wacc), Social sciences (General), H1-99, economic value added (eva), eva leverage, degree of operating leverage (dol), total degree of leverage (tdl)
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
