Multiculturalism of the Habsburg Monarchy and its impact on the formation of Poles’ national identity on the example of Memories of Kazimierz Chłędowski (1843-1920) This paper deals with the importance of cultural interactions on the formation of national identity of Poles in the multinational state of Austria in the second half of the 19th century, based on the memories by Kazimierz Chłędowski (1843-1920). Mechanisms of cultural separation of Poles in relation to other nations were analysed, as well as the issues of stereotypical views on other nations and their significance in the formation of Poles’ national identity.