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Characterization of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruits from outstanding mexican selections Caracterização de frutos rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) de notáveis seleções mexicanas

Authors: Marian Guadalupe Hernández Arenas; Daniel Nieto Angel; María Teresa Martínez Damian; Daniel Teliz Ortiz; Cristian Nava Díaz; Nestor Bautista Martinez;

Characterization of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruits from outstanding mexican selections Caracterização de frutos rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) de notáveis seleções mexicanas

Abstract

Fruits of five regional selections of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) were characterized to identify those with international marketing quality to promote their propagation in Mexico, improvement and conservation in germoplasm bank. The fruits were harvested in June, July, and August 2008 and, after each harvest, were assessed for shape (length/diameter), firmness, fruit weight, number of fruits per kilogram, weight and percentage of pericarp, seed and aril, total soluble solids, total sugars, vitamin C content, pH, and titratable acidity. In addition, a sensorial evaluation was carried out with 31 panelists who graded each selection for color, sweetness, and acidity. Fruits of five selections were ovoid, and with the following characteristics: firmness values from 43.7 to 51.0 N, fruit weight ranged from 22.4 to 34.7 g, registering from 28.9 to 45.0 fruits per kg; pericarp weight from 10.5 to 17.3 g (45.9 to 49.9% of the total fruit weight); total seed weight from 2.2 to 2.5 g (7.0 to 10.0%); average arils weight from 8.9 to 13.1 g (37.5 to 41.4%). The fruits had high contents of total soluble solids (17.8 to 20.4 ºBrix), total sugars (211.95 to 242.70 mg/100g in the edible portion), vitamin C (37.9 to 69.1 mg/100 g), pH 5.0, and titratable acidity of 0.20 to 0.28%. The fruits from the RT-01 and RT-05 selections had better attributes in fruit weight, total soluble solids and titratable acidity and were better accepted by the panelists. Harvest date significantly affects rambutan fruit quality; at the middle and end of the season harvested fruits had better qualitative characteristics for the marketing.Frutos de cinco seleções de rambutan (RT-01, RT-02, RT-03, RT-04 e RT-05) foram caracterizados para identificar aqueles com qualidade internacional e selecionar os melhores para aumentar a produção no México, o melhoramento e a conservação no banco de germoplasma. Os frutos foram colhidos nos meses de junho, julho e agosto de 2008. Em cada colheita, avaliaram-se a forma (largura/diâmetro), firmeza, peso do fruto, número de frutos por quilograma, peso e porcentagem do pericarpo, semente e arilo, sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares totais, conteúdo de vitamina C, pH, acidez titulável e foi feita uma avaliação sensorial com 31 provadores, qualificando a cor, forma, doçura e acidez de cada amostra. Os frutos das cinco seleções tiveram forma alargada ou oval, com valores de firmeza de 43,7 a 51,0 N, o peso de cada fruto oscilou entre 22,4 a 34,7g, registrando de 28,9 a 45,0 frutos por quilograma, com um peso de pericarpo de 10,5 a 17,5 g, que correspondeu de 45,9 a 49,9% do peso do fruto. O peso da semente foi de 2,2 a 2,5g (7,0 a 10,0%), o peso médio do arilo foi de 8,9 a 13,1g, equivalentes a 37,5 41,4%. Os frutos apresentaram alto conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais (17,8 a 20,7 ºBrix), açúcares totais (400 a 465,7 mg/100g), vitamina C (37,9 a 69,1 mg/100g de porção comestível), baixo pH (5,0) e elevada acidez titulável (0,7 a 0,8%). Os frutos das amostras RT-01 e RT-05 apresentaram melhores atributos quanto a peso do fruto, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez titulável, características desejáveis para exportação, além de ser de melhor aceitação pelos provadores. A data da colheita influenciou significativamente na qualidade dos frutos, e na metade e ao final da temporada da colheita houve frutos de maior peso, porcentagem de arilo, sólidos solúveis totais, vitamina C, menor pH e acidez titulável.

Keywords

Sapindaceae, sensory evaluation, avaliação sensorial, quality attributes, Plant culture, atributos, Tropical fruit, Frutas tropicais, qualidade, SB1-1110

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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