
Las benzodiazepinas imparten un grado de seguridad que ha motivado el desplazamiento de los fármacos más antiguos para el tratamiento del insomnio y la ansiedad. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para hacer referencia a algunas de las benzodiazepinas disponibles en la actualidad, así como sus características farmacológicas y usos, con el objetivo de que su utilización en la práctica médica sea racional y adecuada. Se caracterizan por ejercer un cuádruple efecto farmacológico (ansiolítico, sedante o hipnótico, anticonvulviso y miorrelajante). Estos cuatro componentes de su efecto aparecen en una proporción distinta, lo que determina el perfil de acción de cada medicamento. En este artículo nos referimos a los dos primeros efectos, por ser la ansiedad y el insomnio síntomas frecuentes de automedicación y de consulta médica en la APS. Las probabilidades terapéuticas de las benzodiazepinas están relacionadas con sus acciones farmacológicas, mecanismos y farmacocinética. Estos fármacos son una herramienta valiosa, pero deben tenerse en cuenta efectos adversos como la farmacodependencia.Benzodiazepines provide a degree of safety that has caused the replacement of ancient drugs for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. We made a literature review to make reference to some benzodiazepines available at present and also to their pharmacological characteristics and uses, with the objective of applying them rationally and adequately. Benzodiazepines are characterized by their quadruple pharmacological effect (anti-anxiety, sedative or hypnotic, anti-convulsive and miorelaxing). These four components of their effect are present in varied proportions, which determines the action profile of each drug. We refer in this article to the two first effects since anxiety and insomnia are frequent symptoms for self-medication and for going to the doctor's in the primary health care. The therapeutic possibilities of benzodiazepines are related to their pharmacological actions, mechanisms and pharmacokinetics. These drugs are a valuable tool but it should be borne in mind that they have side effects like drug-dependence.
AGENTES ANTIANSIEDAD DE BENZODIAZEPINAS, ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS, BENZODIAZEPINE, Medicine (General), R5-920, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, ATENCION PRIMARIA DE SALUD, TRASTORNOS DE LA INICIACION Y MANTENCION DEL SUEÑO, SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS
AGENTES ANTIANSIEDAD DE BENZODIAZEPINAS, ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS, BENZODIAZEPINE, Medicine (General), R5-920, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, ATENCION PRIMARIA DE SALUD, TRASTORNOS DE LA INICIACION Y MANTENCION DEL SUEÑO, SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS
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