This paper deals with the oxymoron — a rhetoric device which connects two words with contradictory or even opposite meanings. In modern French literature, the oxymoron is the most favorite procédé of Maurice Blanchot in whose works it expresses some paradoxes, not only of aesthetical, but also of ontological nature. We suggest that the omnipresent oxymoronic structures determine Blanchot’s conception of the human subject, the language and the writing. This trope is first approached through a triple prism: 1) a psychoanalytical one, where we relate the oxymoron to Freud’s article “The Antithetical Meaning of Primal Words” (1910) for interpreting the oxymoron as one of the archaic principles of the unconsciousness. 2) In a philosophical perspective, the oxymoron can be viewed, in proximity with the Kojève’s anthropological reading of Hegel’s dialectic, as a pattern of the ontological structure of the Dasein defined by the coexistence of the being and the nothingness. 3) Finally, we adopt the point a view of the paraconsistent, non-Aristotelian (postAristotelian) logic, which permits us to show the ramification of this figure throughout all textual levels of Blanchot’s fictional and theoretical works. The conclusion points out the analogy between the dialectic of the language and that of the human.