The paper features an overview of the rural settlements in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula that functioned during the Golden Horde period (from mid-13th to 15th centuries). Several centers of such settlement structures, formed near large cities, were revealed. The largest one was a cluster of settlements in the Southeastern Crimea, near the nomadic steppe, which also formed the outskirts of the Golden Horde town Solkhat-Krym. Its rural district increased as the city prospered, and waned in its decline. The second center of Golden Horde sedentary area formed at the end of the 13th century in the Southwestern Crimea, near the main group of lands occupied by the agrarian Byzantine (Greek) population, and also on the border of the steppe and the northern foothills of the Crimean Mountains. These were the settlement of Eski-Yurt – Kirk-Azisler, and later the town of Kirk-Yer. The third cluster was located in the Central Crimea and became a link between the settlements in the West and East of the Peninsula. The clusters of sedentary areas of the Golden Horde Crimea subsequently shaped the direction of the processes of organization and concentration of the rural population in the Crimean Khanate. An analysis of archeozoological materials from the excavations of rural settlements of the Golden Horde period revealed that the main slaughtered animal in the settlements was cattle, and the main meat product was beef. These evidences allow to assume that the most important specialization of the villagers was cattle breeding and, accordingly, not only nomads, but also sedentary inhabitants participated in the formation of the most important item of the Golden Horde export - the export of the bovine skins.