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Medisan
Article . 2012
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El principio del doble efecto en la sedación a pacientes terminales The principle of double effect on sedation of terminally ill patients

Authors: Ricardo Hodelín Tablada;

El principio del doble efecto en la sedación a pacientes terminales The principle of double effect on sedation of terminally ill patients

Abstract

Entre los 5 principios éticos en medicina paliativa, el del doble efecto o de razonamiento práctico no solo sirve para determinar la licitud o ilicitud de una acción y puede producir 2 efectos: uno bueno y otro malo, sino que es posible aplicarlo en los pacientes terminales, quienes suelen presentar dolor intenso, dificultad para respirar u otros síntomas que requieran la utilización de drogas como la morfina cuyo efecto podría generar hipotensión arterial o depresión respiratoria u otros fármacos que reducen el grado de vigilia o incluso privan al enfermo de su conciencia. En este artículo se revisa detenidamente el tema y el autor expone sus criterios al respecto. Se concluye que es ético sedar al paciente solo cuando el dolor ha sido refractario al tratamiento recomendado, que incluye diferentes terapéuticas neuroquirúrgicas. No se considera aceptable administrar morfina como intento primordial de lograr la muerte. El principio del doble efecto deviene un mal inevitable provocado por la prosecución impostergable de un bien. Este principio permite realizar una acción moralmente legítima, aun cuando de ella puedan derivarse efectos indeseables.Among the 5 ethical principles in palliative medicine, that of the double effect or of practical reasoning is not only used to determine the licitness or illicitness of an action and can produce two effects: a good one and a bad one, but also it can be applied in terminally ill patients who usually have a severe pain, respiratory distress or other symptoms that require the use of drugs, such as morphine, which effect could lead to hypotension or respiratory depression, or other drugs that reduce the level of wakefulness or even deprive the patient of his consciousness. This paper carefully reviews the subject and the author presents his views on the matter. It is concluded that sedation of the patient is ethical only when the pain has been refractory to the treatment recommended, including different neurosurgical treatments. It is not considered acceptable to administer morphine as primary attempt to achieve death. The principle of double effect becomes unavoidable evil caused by the urgent pursuit of a good. This principle allows to perform a morally legitimate action, even when undesirable effects can be derived from it.

Keywords

Medicine (General), terminally ill patient, eutanasia, principio del doble efecto, RC31-1245, sedación, limitation of the therapeutic effort, R5-920, limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico, sedation, palliative care, euthanasia, bioética, cuidado paliativo, bioethics, Internal medicine, principle of double effect, paciente terminal

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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