To achieve the real intelligence of mine ventilation, this paper discusses the key scientific and technical issues that need to be solved urgently for intelligent ventilation which are the theory of mine ventilation network based on thermal-fluid coupling, ventilation system nonlinear observer construction, sensor layout optimization, resistance variant fault diagnosis, disturbance identification, airflow state during cataclysmic period, rapid deduction technology for the propagation of disaster-causing factors under emergency conditions and so on, from four aspects of real-time mine ventilation network calculation, intelligent airflow control of cataclysmic period, high precision and rapid test of ventilation parameters, intelligent network and intelligent equipment.