The paper provides a rationale for the specific features of the economic and cultural type of the Andronovo culture population in Baraba, Novosibirsk and Tomsk Ob River region, Kuznetsk Hollow, Achinsk–Mariinsk forest-steppe and Middle Yenisei River. It states the facts of a small number of settlements and practically absolute absence of the Andronovo dwellings further north of the 53/54 parallels, to the East of Irtysh and Ob Rivers. The author features paleo-climatological conclusions of researchers about the xerothermic period which began in the Andronovo period. According to a comparison of these and other data, a conclusion was made about the transition of the Andronovo communities of Southern Siberia to nomadic or semi-nomadic model of cattle-breeding with its inherent mobility and special forms of social organization.