The genus Typha L. (Typhaceae), comprising 12 species in Iran, among which two species are endemic flora of Iran. The main purpose of this study was to analyze anatomical characters of the members of the genus and also evaluating the systematical efficiency of these features. The leaf anatomy of the genus Typhaceae in Iran was studied by light microscopy and it was discussed as well. Differences of various anatomical characters between species were considered. The results obtained from this research work confirmes the usefulness of leaf anatomy characters for identification of the most of the species. Species were easily separated from each other by means of morphological and anatomical characters. In addition to providing a list of variable and constant species characters, tables showing the species distinguishing characters as well as anatomical photos of the species were presented.