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Род Быкасовых в контексте политического сыска (Сибирь, конец XVI века)

Authors: Belyakov, А.;

Род Быкасовых в контексте политического сыска (Сибирь, конец XVI века)

Abstract

This study of “words and deeds” as a type of crime began over a hundred years ago. This well-known formula proceeded from the public obligation of the population to protect the sovereign and their family from any evil intentions. This phenomenon began to develop on Russian soil as early as the mid-fifteenth century and is present in a wide range of documents: secured or affirmed deeds; the sovereign’s grants to Siberian foreigners; letters of commendation with a golden seal, issued to those who lived in the recently annexed territories with a predominantly non-Orthodox population, as well as territorial entities that were formally part of the Muscovite State; state oaths. It is believed that the cases of the sovereign’s “words and deeds” have been preserved since the seventeenth century, their mentions known since earlier times. However, the lists found in the materials of the Siberian Prikaz from the mandate letters of 1599 to the Tobolsk voivode stolnik S. F. Saburov about the investigation of the accusation of “words and deeds” of the Tobolsk children of the boyars Bykasov suggests that such materials from the sixteenth century are yet to be studied. However, to detect them, it is necessary to significantly expand the range of documents under consideration and not be limited, as before, only to the materials of the Razryad Prikaz. The materials analysed are the remains of the most ancient case identified on charges of sovereign’s “words and deeds”. The Bykasov family mentioned in it, served as the sovereign’s grooms in the tsar’s stables at least from the early sixteenth century. Andrei Timofeevich Bykasov was involved in the case of the Shuysky princes in 1586, for which all his relatives were exiled to Siberian cities. At the end of the Time of Troubles, A. T. Bykasov became a stable officer of the Stable Prikaz, which compensated him and his brothers for the trials that they had had to go through.

«Слово и дело» как особый вид преступлений начали изучать более ста лет назад. Данная изветная формула возникла на почве публично-правового обязательства населения оберегать государя и его семью от любых злых умыслов. Это явление развивалось на русской почве с середины XV в. и фиксируется в широком круге документов: крепких или укрепленных грамотах; государеве жалованном слове сибирским иноземцам; жалованных грамотах за золотой печатью, выдававшихся проживавшим на недавно присоединенных территориях с неправославным по преимуществу населением, а также территориальным образованиям, формально входившим в состав Московского государства; государственной присяге. Считается, что дела о государеве «слове и деле» сохранились начиная с XVII в., от более ранних времен известны только их упоминания. Однако обнаруженные в материалах Сибирского приказа списки с наказных грамот 1599 г. тобольскому воеводе стольнику С. Ф. Сабурову о расследовании обвинения в «слове и деле» тобольских детей боярских Быкасовых позволяют предположить, что подобные материалы по XVI в. еще ждут своих исследователей. Однако для их обнаружения следует значительно расширить круг рассматриваемых документов и не ограничиваться, как ранее, только материалами Разрядного приказа. Анализируемые материалы являются остатками наиболее древнего выявленного на настоящий момент дела по обвинению в государеве «слове и деле». Фигурирующие в нем члены семьи Быкасовых с начала XVI в. служили государевыми конюхами в Конюшенном приказе. Андрей Тимофеевич Быкасов в 1586 г. проходил по делу князей Шуйских, за что все его родственники оказались сосланными в сибирские города. На излете Смуты А. Т. Быкасов стал ясельничим Конюшенного приказа, тем самым его и его братьев вознаградили за те испытания, что им пришлось пройти.

The article was submitted on 10.01.2023.

Keywords

SIBERIAN EXILE, RUSSIAN STATE OF THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES, «СЛОВО И ДЕЛО», ДЕЛО КНЯЗЕЙ ШУЙСКИХ, БЫКАСОВЫ, STABLE PRIKAZ, BYKASOVS, «слово и дело», Русское государство XVI–XVII в., Быкасовы, сибирская ссылка, Конюшенный приказ, дело князей Шуйских, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, РУССКОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО XVI–XVII В., DK1-4735, КОНЮШЕННЫЙ ПРИКАЗ, СИБИРСКАЯ ССЫЛКА, “WORDS AND DEEDS”, CASE OF THE SHUYSKY PRINCES

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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