
Dans les années 90 le monde de la "prise en charge de la toxicomanie" connaît un tournant. La "toxicomanie" état jusque là confinée dans un "dispositif spécialisé" qui en faisait le symptôme d'une perturbation inhérente à l'individu, d'origine psychologique. Mais l'épidémie du SIDA, dont les toxicomanes sont l'une des premières victimes, vient reconsidérer cette prise en charge. Dorénavant il faut avant tout lutter contre la maladie et surtout enrayer sa propagation. Il faut sortir le "toxicomane" de sa condition de "malade" pour le considérer comme un partenaire responsable dans sa prise en charge. En d'autres termes s'en faire un allié contre le virus. Ainsi ce sont des initiatives et des dispositifs qui se regroupent pour converger vers ce qu'on appelle communément la "réduction des risques". L'usager de drogues devient un partenaire. Le dernier palier de cette politique se retrouve dans la mise sur le marché de la buprénorphine haut dosage en médecine de ville. Les usagers de drogues qui souhaitent arrêter peuvent s'adresser à un médecin pour obtenir un traitement de substitution. Cependant les médecins généralistes connaissent peu les usagers de drogues. Comment accueillent-t-ils cette nouvelle clientèle? C'est là l'un des objectifs que de comprendre comment les médecins composent avec cette nouvelle clientèle atypique et comment ils l'intègrent, ou pas, dans leur routine quotidienne. Au-delà il s'agit de comprendre également pourquoi la "médecine générale" était destinée à prendre en charge ce dernier palier de la "réduction des risques". Autrement dit, parce que les médecins généralistes sont ouverts, ils sont susceptibles de drainer un maximum d'usager de drogues à la recherche d'un produit de substitution
In the nineteen nineties, the drug addiction treatment world took a change of direction. Until then "drug addiction" was confined to specialised approach, which treated it as the symptom of a disturbance inherent in the individual, psychological in origin. But the AIDS epidemic, which counts drugs addicts among its first victims, led to a reconsideration of how addiction was handled. It was now above all question of fighting the disease and especially halting its spread. The drug addict had to be taken out of his condition as a "sick person " and considered as a responsible partner in his own care. In other words, he had to be made an ally in the fight against the virus. Thus initiatives and schemes started to converge towards what is commonly known as "risk reduction". The drug user became a partner. The last stage of this policy can be seen in the placing on the market of high-dose buprenorphine, prescribed by GPs. Drug users who wish to stop using can see a GP to get a replacement therapy. However, general practitioners are not very familiar with drug users. How do the deal with this new patient group ? This is one of the objectives, to understand how doctors cope with this new, atypical patient group and how they integrate them ? or not ? into their daily routine. Beyond that, there is also the matter of understanding why it has been up to general pratcise to take on this last stage in the "risk reduction" process. In other words, because general practitioners are open to all, they are liable to attract a large number of users looking for a replacement therapy
Heuristiques, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Consultation médicale, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Usagers de drogues, Toxicomanes-Soins médicaux, Toxicomanie, Substitution
Heuristiques, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Consultation médicale, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Usagers de drogues, Toxicomanes-Soins médicaux, Toxicomanie, Substitution
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