Introduction: Altered vascular reactivity underlies development and progression of all cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases, or diseases with high cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiac failure, stroke and systemic inflammatory diseases. Many dietary components are related to vascular function, either enhancing it or attenuated, even without significant changes in arterial blood pressure level. Methods: This is a literature review and presentation of own research results on a topic of the effect of dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) intake and vascular function, conducting by searching PubMed database using key words: dietary NaCl, microcirculation, oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, ion channels. Results: Various mechanisms have been investigated demonstrating that increased dietary NaCl intake significantly impairs vascular function, particularly at microcirculatory level. High NaCl diet leads to increased oxidative stress due to either increased production of reactive oxygen species or decreased antioxidative defense mechanisms. This affects metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid–derived products and nitric oxide synthesis, which are crucial in maintenance of endothelium-dependent responses. Vascular smooth muscle ion channels that regulate the level of contractility of the cell and cell's interaction with endothelial cell may be an important link in developing impaired vascular reactivity in high NaCl diet. Discussion: Furthermore, high dietary NaCl intake can provoke the condition of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in vascular wall and promote endothelial-leukocytes activation and interaction, also recognized as a first step in development of atherosclerosis and other cardiometabolic diseases. Conclusion: Possible preventive dietary strategies (such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, or vitamin intake) can prevent or ameliorate the deleterious effects of high NaCl intake on vascular reactivity.