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Soporte nutricional en pacientes con abdomen abierto

Authors: Velázquez G., J. O.; Urbistazu, J. P.; Vargas U., M.; Guedez, I.; Cadenas, M.ª;

Soporte nutricional en pacientes con abdomen abierto

Abstract

Objetivos: El soporte nutricional es fundamental en los pacientes con trauma severo para disminuir los efectos de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y el hipermetabolismo. Se diseñó un protocolo para evaluar la tolerancia y eficacia y del soporte nutricional, así como la evolución clínica en los pacientes post-operados con abdomen abierto. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente a quienes se les dejó el abdomen abierto con bolsa de Bogotá y recibieron soporte nutricional. Fueron excluidos del estudio aquellos pacientes que permanecieron menos de 4 días con el abdomen abierto. Un grupo recibió nutrición parenteral total (NPT) con mezclas tres en uno, otro grupo recibió nutrición enteral a través de yeyunostomía con aguja y catéter y un tercer grupo recibió soporte nutricional mixto. Ambiente: Servicio de Cirugía I del Hospital Universitario Ángel Larralde. IVSS Valencia (Venezuela). Período del estudio entre mayo del 2002 a mayo del 2005. Resultados: Ingresaron 24 pacientes al estudio, 46% recibió soporte nutricional mixto (enteral y parenteral), 33% exclusivamente NPT y 31% exclusivamente nutrición enteral. 75% evolucionaron favorablemente egresando al domicilio en buenas condiciones generales, 25% fallecieron debido a falla múltiple de órganos por sepsis severa. En relación al soporte nutricional, 66% de los pacientes no presentaron complicaciones, de los que recibieron nutrición parenteral 21% presentaron hiperglicemia y de los que recibieron nutrición enteral 13% presentaron diarrea. En cuanto a la eficacia de la nutrición enteral 69% de los pacientes alcanzaron el 80% de la meta calórica estimada entre el 4º y 5º día del inicio de la administración de la fórmula. Conclusión: El cuidado integral de los pacientes con abdomen abierto, sumado a un esquema de soporte nutricional que se ajuste las condiciones de cada paciente puede ayudar a disminuir la respuesta hipermetabólica así como la morbilidad y mortalidad.

Objective: We have designed a protocol to evaluate the tolerance, effectiveness and the nutritional support in post-surgical patients with an open abdomen. Patients and methods: We have made a prospective descriptive study of patients submitted to surgery and left with an open abdomen with a Bogotá bag, and have received nutritional support. The patients who have stayed for less than 4 days with the open abdomen where excluded. A group received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with mixtures all in one; another group received enteral nutrition (EN) through a needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) and a third group received mixed nutritional support. To evaluate the tolerance to EN, we have included those patients receiving this type of nutrition for at least 4 consecutive days without having diarrhea or pain. A jejunostomy catheter was placed in all patients by need o puncturing during the surgical act. Setting: The Surgical Department I of Ángel Larralde University Hospital, I.V.S.S. Valencia - Venezuela, during the period from May 2002 to May 2005. Results: 24 patients entered the study, 46% recived mixed nutritional support (Enteral and Parenteral), 33% exclusively TPN, and 31% exclusively EN. 75% have evolved favorably, discharged to their home in good general condition; 25% died from multiple organ failure due to severe sepsis. About nutritional support, 66% of the patients did not present complications; 21% of those receiving TPN presented hyperglycemia; and 13% of those receiving EN presented diarrhea. About EN effectiveness, 69% of the patients have reached 80% of the estimated caloric objective within days 4-5 from the beginning of formula administration. Conclusions: The integral care of the patients with an open abdomen, added to a nutritional support regimen tailored to each patient’s condition can help decreasing the hypermetabolic response, as well as moridity and mortality.

Keywords

Yeyunostomía, Soporte nutricional, Bogotá Bag, Jejunostomy, Abdomen abierto, Open abdomen, Nutritional support, Bolsa de Bogotá

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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