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ORIGEN DEL SARS-COV-2: ¿SELECCIÓN NATURAL O SELECCIÓN ADAPTATIVA?

Authors: Mercado Martínez, Pedro;

ORIGEN DEL SARS-COV-2: ¿SELECCIÓN NATURAL O SELECCIÓN ADAPTATIVA?

Abstract

Desde la aparición del enfoque científico de la medicina darwiniana en 1991, el estudio las enfermedades, en especial las enfermedades infecciosas, han merecido ser tratados desde el enfoque evolucionista. En este sentido, los virus, causantes de epidemias y pandemias nuevas, también han merecido ser estudiado desde el enfoque evolucionista. Nuestro genoma tiene abundante información genética que ha sido dejada por los virus, bajo la forma de huellas. Se ha demostrado que los virus evolucionan por selección natural, a partir, principalmente de sus mutaciones y esta propuesta está basada en el legado de Darwin; pero, también existe el mecanismo de transferencia horizontal de los genes entre los virus, sobre todo los RNA, y la transferencia de genes entre el huésped y los virus. Dicho conocimiento se basa en la teoría adaptativa, conocida como teoría de los caracteres adquiridos, propuesto por Lamarck y apoyado por la epigenética. La aparición del SAR-CoV-2, no ha estado al margen de ser estudiado su origen evolutivo y por este motivo, el presente trabajo se basa en una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre el origen de este virus, habiendo concluido que en este proceso han participado tanto los mecanismos de selección natural y de los caracteres adquiridos. Una mejor comprensión de estos mecanismos evolutivos podría servir para prevenir futuras apariciones de nuevas epidemias virales. Palabras claves: SAR-CoV-2, origen, selección natural, selección adaptativa ABSTRACT Since the appearance of the scientific approach to Darwinian medicine in 1991, the study of disease, especially infectious diseases have deserved to be treated from an evolutionary approach. In this sense, viruses, the cause of new epidemics and pandemics have also deserved to be studies from an evolutionary approach. Our genome has abundant genetic information that viruses have left us as fingerprints. It has already been demonstrated that viruses evolve by natural selection, starting mainly from their mutations and this is the proposal based on Darwin’s legacy; however, there is also the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer between viruses, especially RNAs, and between the host and viruses. This knowledge is based on the adaptive theory, so called theory of inheritance of acquired characters, proposed by Lamarck and supported by the epigenetics. The appearance of SAR-CoV-2 has not been excluded from its evolutionary origin being studied and for this reason, the present word is based on an updated bibliographic review on the origin of this virus, having concluded that they participated in this process both the mechanisms of natural selection and acquired characters. A better understanding of these evolutionary mechanisms could serve to prevent future occurrences of new viral epidemics. Keywords: SAR-CoV-2, origin, natural selection, adaptive selection DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rebiol.2020.40.02.14

Keywords

Ecology, Genetics, QH426-470, QH540-549.5

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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