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La situación medioambiental actual exige que se tomen medidas en cuanto a los procesos de obtención de energía, impulsando así las energías renovables, que deben ser complementadas con acciones para disminuir la contaminación, como son la captura y el almacenamiento del CO2. En el presente trabajo se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años sobre el diseño y desarrollo de catalizadores para la reacción de reducción electroquímica de dióxido de carbono, es decir, para la captura electroquímica de CO2. Se han elegido los materiales grafénicos por sus propiedades únicas, para ser usados bien como electrocatalizadores o bien como soporte de metales, preferentemente no nobles, que desarrollen eficiencias adecuadas para este proceso. Se compararán los resultados experimentales descritos en la literatura científica con los cálculos teóricos publicados, con el fin de establecer una correlación entre ellos. Se pretende, con este análisis, establecer el estado del arte en este tema para elegir los electrocatalizadores adecuados para el desarrollo experimental de esta línea de investigación.
The present environmental situation requires taking actions regarding the processes for energy production, thus promoting renewable energies, which must be complemented with the development of routes to reduce pollution, such as the capture and storage of CO2. In the present work, a bibliographic review of the last 5 years was carried out on the design and development of catalysts for the electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide, i.e. for the electrochemical capture of CO2. Graphene materials have been chosen for their unique properties, to be used either as electrocatalysts or as metal supports (mainly for non-noble metals), that develop adequate efficiencies for this reaction. The experimental results described in the scientific literature will be compared with the published theoretical calculations, to establish the correlation between them. The aim of this analysis is to establish the state of the art on this process to choose the best electrocatalysts for the experimental development of this research topic.
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