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Летописание Нижнего Поволжья XVIII–XIX вв. как социокультурное явление

Authors: Kleitman, A.; Tumentsev, I.;

Летописание Нижнего Поволжья XVIII–XIX вв. как социокультурное явление

Abstract

This article considers works on the history of towns in the Lower Volga region written by the locals between the 18th and 19th centuries and referred to as chronicles in the historiography. The authors aim to trace the history behind the creation of the said works, characterise their genre features, and determine their role in the formation of historical consciousness in the region’s population. The research relies on the principles of historicism and objectivity, using textual, historical-genetic, and historical-comparative methods. The works in question are highly heterogeneous in terms of their form and content, the topics they touch upon, and the methods of dealing with sources and other criteria. However, they share a lot of features that make it possible to ttribute them to one genre of local chronicle which developed between the 18th and the mid-19th centuries. The textological analysis demonstrates that none of the works considered was called a chronicle by their authors. They were characterised as chronicles in later epochs. The historians who came into possession of the sources and published them described the documents as chronicles to draw the readers’ attention to the fact that the sources they referred to were ancient and followed the old tradition of chronicle-writing. The majority of works analysed were popular with locals: they were copied and kept in municipal institutions and home libraries. Due to the fact that local print media did not exist in these towns and other forms of communicating information were underdeveloped, the chronicles that circulated around these territories became the main source of historical information. Five out of six works considered in the article were authored by Orthodox clergymen, which testifies to the special role played by the Orthodox clergy in the formation of historical consciousness among the population in the Lower Volga region. In the mid-19th century, the region was going through rapid social and economic development, which helped modernise the sociocultural space of its towns. This, in its turn, conditioned the emergence of newer forms of interpreting the past that were more acceptable to modern academic criteria.

Статья посвящена сочинениям по истории городов Нижнего Поволжья, написанным местными жителями в XVIII–XIX вв., которые в историографии получили название летописей. Цель исследования – выяснить причины их создания, охарактеризовать жанровые особенности, определить роль в формировании исторического сознания населения региона. Исследование проводилось с использованием текстологического, историко-генетического, сравнительно-исторического методов. По форме и содержанию указанные исторические сочинения были очень разнообразны, отличались друг от друга по кругу вопросов, интересовавших авторов, методам работы с источниками информации и другим критериям. При этом они имеют и множество сходных черт, которые позволяют выделить их в особый жанр местного историописания, развивавшийся в XVIII – середине XIX в. Текстологический анализ показал, что ни одна из данных работ не была названа летописью их авторами. Название летописей закрепилось за этими сочинениями в историографии более позднего времени. Историки, публиковавшие оказавшиеся в их распоряжении рукописи или вводившие в оборот сведения, почерпнутые в них, называя эти сочинения летописями, хотели обратить внимание на древность оказавшихся в их распоряжении рукописей, преемственность этих сочинений со старыми летописными традициями. Большая часть из проанализированных сочинений были популярны среди местных жителей, их переписывали, хранили в официальных городских учреждениях и в домашних библиотеках. В условиях отсутствия местной периодической печати, неразвитости других форм обмена информацией и общественной жизни эти ходившие по рукам рукописи были основным источником исторической информации. Авторами пяти из шести проанализированных сочинений были православные священно-служители, что свидетельствует об особой роли православного духовенства в формировании исторического сознания местного населения в условиях Нижнего Поволжья. В связи с активным социально-экономическим развитием региона в середине XIX в. началась модернизация социокультурной среды городов Нижнего Поволжья, которая привела к возникновению новых, более соответствующих современным критериям научности форм познания прошлого.

Исследование выполнено при поддержке РГНФ, проект № 16-11-34004 а(р) «Историческое регионоведение Нижнего Поволжья XVIII – начала XX в. как историо-графическое и социокультурное явление».

The article was submitted on 29.09.2018.

Keywords

ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ, русское летописание XVIII–XIX вв.; текстология; историография; Нижнее Поволжье, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, DK1-4735, RUSSIAN CHRONICLE-WRITING OF THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES, HISTORIOGRAPHY, ТЕКСТОЛОГИЯ, НИЖНЕЕ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ, LOW VOLGA REGION, РУССКОЕ ЛЕТОПИСАНИЕ XVIII–XIX ВВ, TEXTOLOGY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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