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Роль Советского Союза в Корейской войне по оценкам разведки США

Authors: Yungblud, V.; Sadakov, D.;

Роль Советского Союза в Корейской войне по оценкам разведки США

Abstract

Статья посвящена важной историографической проблеме – роли СССР в Корейской войне 1950–1953 гг. Хотя российскими и зарубежными историками опубликовано несколько работ, основанных на сопоставлении советских, корейских, китайских и американских документов, доказывающих причастность СССР и лично Сталина к подготовке вторжения армии КНДР на юг полуострова, ряд вопросов требует дополнительного прояснения. Данная статья посвящена восприятию американскими разведывательными органами роли СССР в этой войне и определению степени эффективности информационного сопровождения этого конфликта аналитиками разведывательного сообщества США. Особое внимание уделено случаям, когда аналитики этой службы на основании открытых источников делали верные заключения и прогнозы, которые не получали адекватной оценки на более высоких уровнях разведывательной и политической иерархии. Исследование выполнено с использованием методов компаративного анализа, исторической имагологии и новой истории холодной войны. Война в Корее рассматривается как интернационализированный внутренний конфликт, в который с обеих сторон были вовлечены дополнительные участники, как правило, преследовавшие, кроме официально объявленных, собственные цели. Основными источниками послужили фонды электронного архива FBIS, документы Государственного департамента, ЦРУ, Службы национальной безопасности США, разнообразные нарративные материалы и советская пресса. В рамках статьи рассмотрены причины войны, обстоятельства провалов разведки США в 1950 г., условия, в которых велись переговоры о перемирии на Корейском полуострове. Делается вывод о том, что Сталин рассматривал конфликт в Корее как локальный. Американская разведка этот нюанс зафиксировала, однако в политическом руководстве США с самого начала возобладало мнение, что война в Корее – это начало глобального наступления коммунизма, инициированного Москвой.

This article considers the role of the USSR in the Korean War of 1950–1953. Although Russian and foreign historians have published several works based on a comparison of Soviet, Korean, Chinese, and American documents describing the involvement of the USSR and Stalin personally in the preparation of the DPRK army’s invasion of the south, several issues require further clarification. This article is devoted to the perception of the American intelligence agencies of the USSR’s role in the war and to determining the degree of effectiveness of the information support in the conflict provided by the analysts of the US intelligence community. Special attention is paid to cases when analysts made correct conclusions and forecasts based on open sources which were not adequately assessed at the higher levels of intelligence and political hierarchy. The authors employ comparative analysis, historical imagology, and the new history of the Cold War. The war in Korea is seen as an internationalised internal conflict involving additional actors on both sides, usually with goals other than those officially declared. The analysis refers to FBIS electronic archive collections, documents of the State Department, the CIA, the US National Security Council, various narrative materials, and the Soviet press. The article considers the causes of the war, the circumstances behind the failures of US intelligence in 1950, and the conditions in which the negotiations for a truce on the Korean peninsula were conducted. The authors conclude that Stalin considered the conflict in Korea to be a local one. US intelligence recorded this detail, but the political leaders of the US regarded the war in Korea as the beginning of a global communist offensive initiated by Moscow.

Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 19–18–00501).

The article was submitted on 24.08.2019.

Country
Russian Federation
Keywords

KOREAN WAR, КНР, КНДР, СССР, ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО КОНФЛИКТА, DPRK., США, ЦРУ, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, DK1-4735, CIA, PRC, КОРЕЙСКАЯ ВОЙНА, USA, USSR, INTERNATIONALISATION OF INTERNAL CONFLICT, Корейская война; СССР; США; ЦРУ; интернационализация внутреннего конфликта; КНР; КНДР

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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