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Što su seletivni herbicidi?

What are selective herbicides?
Authors: Ostojić, Zvonimir;

Što su seletivni herbicidi?

Abstract

Selektivan učinak nekog herbicida vrlo je kompleksan, a zasniva se na anatomsko-morfološkim i fiziološkim razlikama između kulture u korova, zatim na razlikama u vremenu i načinu sjetve, vremenu i načinu nicanja kulture i korova, razlikama u dozaciji herbicida, načinu aplikacije, tipu tla, klimatskim prilikama u vrijeme i nakon tretiranja te nizu ostalih čimbenika. Iz prikazanog je očito da selektivni učinak nekog herbicida nikad nije apsolutan, pa se u proizvodnji vrlo često događa da herbicid više ili manje šteti kulturi, odnosno djeluje fitotoksično. Selektivnost "horomonskih" herbicida u strnim žitaricama zasniva se na činjenici da im je u vrijeme tretiranja točka rasta skrivena listovima pšenice i nalazi se nisko pri tlu. Tako prilikom prskanja sredstvo ne dolazi u dodir s tim osjetljivim mjestom. Položaj i građa lista kultivirane i korovne biljke uvelike određuje selektivnost kontaktnih i translokacijskih herbicida. U vrijeme primjene kontaktnih i translokacijskih herbicida u strnim žitaricama kultura se nalazi u fazi početka ili završetka busanja. Listovi strnih žitarica uspravno su postavljeni, dok su listovi širokolisnih korova položeni vodoravno. Kapljice škropiva izbačene iz sapnice zadrže se na vodoravno položenim listovima korova, dok s listova kulture kapljice odskoče i padnu na tlo. Rijetki su slučajevi da biljka ima sposobnost svojim fiziološkim procesima razgraditi (inaktivirati) već usvojenu molekulu herbicida prije no što provodnim snopovima dospije do mjesta djelovanja. Ipak, poznati su i takvi slučajevi. Kukuruz je sposoban spriječiti fitotoksičan učinak atrazina (Radazina) kad dospije u biljku. U tom slučaju govorimo o fiziološkoj (apsolutnoj) selektivnosti. Selektivnost zemljišnih herbicida zasniva se na razlikama u usvajanju (apsorpciji) količine herbicida i u razlikama u osjetljivosti između kulture i korova. Ovaj tip selektivnosti znatno je ovisan o tipu tla, oborinama i uopće o klimatskim čimbenicima. Selektivnost se može postignuti i načinom aplikacije herbicida. Pripravci rubne selektivnosti primjenjeni pod list nekih povrtnica iskazuju visok stupanj selektivnosti. Totalne herbicide (Reglone, Basta, Roundup i Touchdown i dr.) u voćnjacima i vinogradima primjenjujemo tako da mlazškropiva usmjerimo pod list kulture. Tako samo korovne biljke dođu u dodir s škropivom, te se ubrzo osuše.

Country
Croatia
Keywords

herbicidi, herbicides, biljke, plants, selectivity, selektivnost, herbicidi; selektivnost; biljke

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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