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Strobilurini nova skupina fungicida

Strobilurins a new group of fungicides
Authors: Cvjetković, Bogdan;

Strobilurini nova skupina fungicida

Abstract

STROBILURINI - NOVA SKUPINA FUNGICIDA -To je nova skupina fungicida koji vuku porijeklo od strobilurina "A". Viša gljiva Strobilurus tanaceullus (Basidiomicotina), koja raste na otpalim češerima vrste Pinus sylvestris producira tu tvar. Ekstrakt direktno dobiven iz gljive posjeduje određena, ali za praksu nedovoljna fungicidna svojstva. Bolje fungicidno djelovanje se iskazuje u mraku nego na svjetlu. Fotolabilan je, pa se brzo razgrađuje na svjetlu. Unatoč tih nedostataka on je poslužio kao polazna osnova za razvoj fungicida kod nekih tvrtki kao npr. BASF, ZENECA, AGREVO i drugi. Ugradnjom fenilnog prstena u strukturu strobilurina foto-labilnost je otklonjena. Između nekoliko tisuća sinteza izdvojene su one koje pored zadovoljavajućeg fungicidnog imaju i druga povoljna svojstya. Neki od strobilurina pokazuju citostatski efekt ili djeluju i kao virocidi. Takav primjer je Strobilurin "E". Strobilurin dobiven iz prirode djeluje kao inhibitor mitohondrijalne respiracije, blokirajući transport elektrona kod citohrom bc 1 kompleksa kod gljiva. Dok su gljive vrlo osjetljive na prisustvo sintetskih strobilurina toksičnost za biljke i sisavce je vrlo mala. Toksikologija dva preparata, Stroby (kresoksim-metil) i Quadrisa (azoksistrobin) je vrlo povoljna. Ames test je negativan. Akutna oralna za miša LD 50 je > 5000 mg/kg. Akutna dermalna doza LD 50 je 2000 mg/kg. Većina derivata ima široki spektar djelovanja na patogene gljive. Određene skupine fungicida djeluju na gljive iz pojedinih podrazdjela. Npr. fungicidi na osnovi sumpora suzbijaju uzročnike pepelnica (Erysiphaceae) s većim ili manjim postranim djelovanjem na gljive iz drugih razdjela. Fungicidi na osnovi bakra djeluju vrlo široko, ali ne djeluju na uzročnike pepelnica. Gotovo u svakom podrazdjelu carstva gljiva (Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina) ili u razredu (Oomycetes) možemo naći po nekoliko patogenih gljiva koje su osjetljive na strobilurine. Po tome se razlikuju od ostalih skupina fungicida. U referatu će biti iznešen spektar djelovanja i neki rezultati pokusa.

Keywords

fugicidi, Strobilurini

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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