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For regenerative medicine to fulfil its potential, we must understand how cells form functional tissues. Currently it remains elusive how cells integrate mechanical and biochemical signals into a coherent response. The cell tensegrity model proposes that cells’ stability is provided by actomyosin-mediated tension being balanced by tension-resisting structures, such as adhesions. Cell tensegrity predicts that as localised forces are applied to cells, stress is distributed, modulating disparate mechanoreceptors providing an integrated response. By developing a cell culture system where forces can be applied via ferromagnetic beads to specific cell locations, such as the apical surface, I aim to examine if stresses are indeed distributed to distant regions within cells. I will assess if stress distribution is mediated by myosin II activity, as predicted by cell tensegrity. Furthermore, by utilising the mechano-sensitive Hippo pathway, which is also regulated by biochemical signals, I will assess if stress distribution influences a cells response to chemical cues. This will aid in developing a cellular in silico model of stress distribution that will be employed to examine the integration of signals during tissue formation. Ultimately, the hope is that this work will provide important insights that will contribute to advances in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine, where damaged tissues are replaced with artificially grown healthy copies, promises to provide major benefits to human health. To make this a reality, we need to understand how cells, the building blocks of life, behave appropriately, and not wildly like cancer cells. Biologists know that cells can sense their surroundings and change their behaviour accordingly. For instance, if cells are stretched they will make more cells to reduce the amount they themselves are stretched However, in tissues cells exist in environments where they get mixed signals, telling them to do different things. It remains a mystery how cells are able to process all of these messages into a coherent response, such as whether to grow or die. I aim to grow cells in an environment were I can give them conflicting signals to see how they respond. I will stretch cells and see if they produce a signal indicating they are growing, and then see what happens if I give them the opposite message, telling them not to grow. The aim is to build a computer model allowing us to understand and predict how cells would behave in different environments, hopefully helping to make regenerative medicine a reality.
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For regenerative medicine to fulfil its potential, we must understand how cells form functional tissues. Currently it remains elusive how cells integrate mechanical and biochemical signals into a coherent response. The cell tensegrity model proposes that cells’ stability is provided by actomyosin-mediated tension being balanced by tension-resisting structures, such as adhesions. Cell tensegrity predicts that as localised forces are applied to cells, stress is distributed, modulating disparate mechanoreceptors providing an integrated response. By developing a cell culture system where forces can be applied via ferromagnetic beads to specific cell locations, such as the apical surface, I aim to examine if stresses are indeed distributed to distant regions within cells. I will assess if stress distribution is mediated by myosin II activity, as predicted by cell tensegrity. Furthermore, by utilising the mechano-sensitive Hippo pathway, which is also regulated by biochemical signals, I will assess if stress distribution influences a cells response to chemical cues. This will aid in developing a cellular in silico model of stress distribution that will be employed to examine the integration of signals during tissue formation. Ultimately, the hope is that this work will provide important insights that will contribute to advances in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine, where damaged tissues are replaced with artificially grown healthy copies, promises to provide major benefits to human health. To make this a reality, we need to understand how cells, the building blocks of life, behave appropriately, and not wildly like cancer cells. Biologists know that cells can sense their surroundings and change their behaviour accordingly. For instance, if cells are stretched they will make more cells to reduce the amount they themselves are stretched However, in tissues cells exist in environments where they get mixed signals, telling them to do different things. It remains a mystery how cells are able to process all of these messages into a coherent response, such as whether to grow or die. I aim to grow cells in an environment were I can give them conflicting signals to see how they respond. I will stretch cells and see if they produce a signal indicating they are growing, and then see what happens if I give them the opposite message, telling them not to grow. The aim is to build a computer model allowing us to understand and predict how cells would behave in different environments, hopefully helping to make regenerative medicine a reality.
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