The projects within this proposal advance our common research area of effects and nature of energetic particles within the sun's atmosphere, the earth's magnetosphere and the heliosphere. Modulation of energetic particles from both the sun and galactic sources determines their abundance and energies in the Sun-earth environment, which, together with wave-particle interaction within the radiation belts establishes the longevity of such particles within the radiation belts. Exposure to energetic particles is an important parameter in the reliability of spacecraft instrument systems. Characterising changes in the Heliospheric Magnetic Field associated with short and rapid variations in the solar wind, such as Coronal Mass Ejections and Co-rotating Interaction Regions, are important in determining the effectiveness with which these large Space Weather disturbance impact the Earth's space environment.