This project aims to generate major breakthroughs in the quantification of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in agro-ecosystems in the lower Mekong basin, a region facing dramatic environmental and societal changes. In this region, paddy fields appear as mosaics owing to the presence of mounds built by termites. While these structures seem comparable to hedgerows or bocage areas in temperate ecosystems, their impacts on the sustainability of agricultural systems and the livelihood of farmers remain unknown. Therefore, ECO-TERM project proposes to characterize and quantify the ecological (e.g., impact on animal and plant biodiversity), environmental (e.g., impact on soil and water dynamic, pesticide utilization, rice resistance and production) as well as socio-economical processes (e.g., impact on food security, human health, and farmer’s incomes) impacted by these patches of biodiversity and fertility in Cambodia, in adequacy with the axis 1.6 and the Sustainable Development Goals n°1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 13, 15 and 17. This project is built around 3 inter-connected scientific work packages (WPs) and on a WP dedicated to the coordination of cross-cutting activities and the co-construction of knowledge by making farmers and scientists interact within participatory workshops. This project brings together 5 French academic partners and self-funded research units in Cambodia, one local NGO, and one society specialized in the utilization of participatory modelling and role playing games. It requires the recruitment of a PhD student, with transversal activities between WP, and a postdoc for two years (only one year requested to ANR) for the construction of econometric models.