The C-maphore project aims at creating innovative learning materials to improve phonemic awareness as well as reading and writing in a mother language (L1) and a foreign language (L2), through in-person and online teaching. We will test the effect of 1) personalized external manipulable representations of phonemes thanks to digital tools and 2) prototypes for explicit phonemic awareness tasks and the improvement of phonographemic awareness. This project meets the needs for learning materials expressed by teachers and speech specialists, a need spotlighted by the pandemic lockdown. The experiment will allow us to improve the tools, but also to collect data that we will analyze to get a better understanding of the role of external representations by taking into account the state of the art about cognition (synaesthesia, mirror neurons) and the processes at work when learners discover the written system of a language.