The ParFécOMSa project aims to explore fertility and reproductive health pathways in the four "historical" overseas departments: French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Réunion. Demographic issues have always played a crucial role in the history of these former colonial territories, which have been managed and controlled by a centralized state—often in opposition to national trends. A key example is the Malthusian policies implemented in the overseas territories during the 1960s, while a pro-natalist doctrine was being promoted in mainland France. Reproductive behaviors in these territories, still shaped by this history, display unique characteristics in comparison to mainland France and among the regions themselves. These differences manifest in factors such as age at first sexual intercourse, age at first childbirth, single parenthood at birth, contraceptive practices, and abortion rates, particularly among young people. Beyond behaviors, access to reproductive healthcare is significantly more limited in the overseas departments, raising concerns about potential gaps in information, healthcare infrastructure, and physical or social barriers to access. Rather than adopting a pessimistic perspective, we propose that comparing observed behaviors in the overseas territories to norms in mainland France may not be the most relevant analytical approach. We suggest that specific conceptual frameworks do not fully apply—or do not apply adequately—to these territories. Additionally, we hypothesize variations exist between the overseas departments and within each department regarding behaviors, experiences, and access to healthcare. This project will thus examine, at the scale of the overseas territories, the concept of "procreative norms," the notion of "contraceptive autonomy," and the structural inequalities that shape reproductive experiences based on gender, class, and race through the lens of reproductive justice. This project aims to document and understand fertility behaviors and trajectories, reproductive health experiences, and the expectations and challenges faced by people living in the overseas territories more effectively. To achieve this, we will address the lack of data on the subject by implementing an adapted research protocol. Unlike conventional approaches, which typically adjust surveys designed for mainland France to the overseas context, we will take the opposite approach. First, we will identify the specific realities of these territories by conducting secondary analyses of existing data and semi-structured interviews with both local stakeholders and women and men of reproductive age. This will enable us to develop a questionnaire tailored to local concerns, which Insee will administer to 2,500 individuals per department, ensuring representative data at the departmental level. This phase will be funded under the Equipex LifeObs project, led by Ined. The project's final phase will involve analyzing and disseminating the results, both within academia and local stakeholders in each territory. The project is structured around three thematic axes: 1. "Conditions Surrounding Pregnancy and Determinants of (Non-)Fertility Intentions" 2. "Understanding Attitudes Toward Contraception and Family Planning" 3. "Access to Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare in the Overseas Territories" This project will benefit from the expertise of a multidisciplinary team based in mainland France and the overseas territories, including demographers, sociologists, and public health researchers. It will also receive support from Ined's research support services.