The Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture is, by far, the most popular approach to build Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that expose Web services. Today, APIs.guru counts more than 2500 REST APIs, from social networking, to e-commerce or weather. However, developing and using a REST API is not a straightforward task. During API development, stakeholders, including Product Owners (PO) and developers, collaborate to define 1) the "Requirements", the business needs formulated by POs; 2) the "Code", a formal representation of the API, articulating its concepts and logic by the API developers; and 3) the "Documentation", a comprehensible description of the code for the API consumers (external developers). Despite referring to the same REST API, stakeholders use heterogeneous terms and concepts that are semantically and syntactically different. This impreciseness is harmful as it leads to ambiguity, i.e., developers encounter difficulties understanding business requirements when developing a Web API. It also causes misusages/misconfigurations impacting productivity. REST API consumers might use incorrect HTTP headers or data types due to the impreciseness of the textual documentation or due to the evolution of the API which leads to outdated documentation. It is reported that about 65.5% of endpoints have some form of inappropriate usage examples in Web API documentation. This situation can lead to dramatic security problems. In fact, misconfigured Web APIs make up two-thirds of cloud breaches. Therefore, developing accurate, usable, and secure REST APIs requires coherence among the three facets I have identified: requirements, code, and documentation. The goal of the PEEPS project is to ensure this coherence, which I refer to as ”Preciseness in REST APIs”, by raising the abstraction level for stakeholders and designing bridges between the three facets.

We wish to use model systems, mixtures of miscible liquids, to study quantitatively the link between coalescence and the behaviour of two-phase gas-liquid flows. We have recently shown that films of liquid mixtures are stabilised by a surface elasticity effect that is fully described by the thermodynamics of mixtures, and that can be fully controlled experimentally. We propose to carry out various experiments at scales ranging from the single film to the macroscopic gas-liquid flow, and to couple them to numerical resolutions in order to understand the mechanisms at play during the coalescence of a liquid film, a surface bubble, an air sheet and a foam formed in a mixture of liquids. These results will be linked quantitatively to the different regimes observed when a gas is injected into a mixture. Our project will enable us to understand and describe coalescence phenomena in the presence of surface elasticity, as well as the effect of physico-chemical parameters on two-phase flows. This understanding is essential in many applications where controlling the formation of foams in flowing liquids is crucial, either during manufacturing or transport processes - depressurisation, entrainment of air during mixing, etc. - or in the conditions of use of certain liquids, such as lubricants, where the appearance of bubbles has an impact on efficiency.

The aim of this project is to study the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical behavior of a ZrCuAl metallic glass under dynamic loading produced by a laser pulse. The experimental study is coupled with a numerical approach using finite-volume and molecular simulations of shock behavior over a wide range of pressures and strain rates, in order to understand the links between macroscopic behavior and the evolution of the organization of matter at the atomic scale.

Poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP [MIM 615704]) is a rare and severe multisystem disease caused by dominant variants in the FAM111B gene, described by the coordinating team in 2013. Studying POIKTMP is challenging due to the limited understanding of the biological function of the FAM111B protein and the absence of orthologs in most species, complicating the development of animal models. Nevertheless, our preliminary studies have demonstrated that introduction of the human FAM111B mutant into zebrafish and mouse models successfully reproduces a muscle phenotype similar to that observed in patients, indicating that the human FAM111B protein interacts with protein partners conserved across species. We also observed a dominant-negative effect of pathogenic variants in POIKTMP, consisting predominantly of missense variants in the FAM111B gene. Furthermore, we have recently demonstrated a dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in POIKTMP, as well as a loss of interactions of mutated FAM111B with other protein partners within a high molecular weight complex suggesting a central role of FAM111B in protein homeostasis via UPS regulation. The POIKTMP-DP project is led by four transdisciplinary teams with established collaborations, combining expertise in basic research, therapeutic innovation and clinical care to ensure an efficient transition to clinical application. Three main objectives structure this project: 1) Objective 1 (WP1): Identification of FAM111B protein partners and target regulatory sequences. WP1A includes high-resolution mapping of the FAM111B interactome by proximity labelling and mass spectrometry (APEX, SRET, BioID/TurboID), complemented by bioinformatic analysis of the protein partners and pathways involved in patient-derived fibroblasts and iPSC-derived muscle progenitors, as well as in isogenic control cells. WP1B aims to identify potential FAM111B chromatin binding sites and its regulatory role in POIKTMP pathogenesis by ChIP-Seq approach and RNASeq studies. 2) Objective 2 (WP2): In vitro and in vivo preclinical models. WP2A consists in developing a POIKTMP muscle organoid derived from patient iPSCs using MyoStretch technology. WP2B aims to set up a systemic mouse model using intraperitoneal injection of mutant rAAV-FAM111B vectors. These models will enable us to better explore the pathophysiology of the disease and, ultimately, to test therapeutic approaches. 3) Objective 3 (WP3): Development of targeted therapeutic approaches. WP3 includes the development of innovative gene therapies targeting dominant-negative effect variants, such as the allele-specific antisense oligonucleotide approach (WP3A) and pre-mRNA trans-splicing (WP3B), enabling allele-specific replacement of FAM111B exon 2 containing the two mutated hot-spot regions using a single therapeutic construct. In conclusion, we believe that POIKTMP-DP is a promising translational project, both original and pioneering, given the scarcity of research on POIKTMP and the FAM111B gene worldwide. Exploring therapeutic approaches is essential for these patients, who have an altered quality of life and reduced life expectancy, with no current treatment options. In the era of personalized genomic medicine, this project lays the foundations for two complementary targeted therapies to significantly improve the clinical outlook for POIKTMP patients. More broadly, POIKTMP-DP offers considerable potential as a study model for other monogenic diseases linked to dominant-negative variants.

In a data-driven society where decision-making depends on advanced data analysis, valuable information is often scattered across multiple sources. This raises the challenge of providing an integrated view of multiple data sources to allow for intuitive and efficient querying by a stakeholder. The EXPAND project aims to facilitate data access and integration through the Ontology-Based Data Access (OBDA) technology. In a nutshell, OBDA provides a principled way of integrating multiple data sources by adding an ontological layer on top of them. The foundations of OBDA have been the subject of intense research over the last 15 years, and have already allowed for successful industrial applications. However, despite its promises, the current OBDA framework still faces some sensible challenges. Indeed, to reap the full potential of the approach, three key ingredients are necessary: first, the user should be able to express their information need, and this requires expressive query languages; second, the user should be able to understand the reason why a given answer is provided, and this requires both explanation facilities and compact representations of diverse answers ; third, the system should provide answers in a timely manner, and this requires efficient querying algorithms that scale in the presence of large datasets. The state of the art in OBDA is still severely limited regarding these three challenges. The EXPAND project will tackle these challenges by pursuing three goals. The first goal is to extend OBDA to support query classes featuring aggregation, navigation and default negation. The second goal is to provide enough context to a user to help them to accept or discard answers provided by the system, in particular by leveraging techniques from neighbouring fields. The third goal is to develop data-aware optimization techniques to make an expressive OBDA framework applicable in practice. Finally, we will demonstrate our techniques on three use cases in agriculture and agronomy, building upon ongoing collaborations with INRAe and DFKI.