The global wildlife trade has been thrust into the international discourse in light of the coronavirus pandemic. As debates surge in regard to whether or not to ban all or part of this lucrative, and many argue necessary, trade, my research has the potential to have significant environmental, social and political impacts. This stems from the evidence my research has provided for improvements to how the Convention on the International trade in Endangered Species (CITES - the main global instrument for regulating wildlife trade) is currently implemented and complied with, and discovery of gaps in the Convention. This Follow on Funding project promises to strengthen the impact of that research even further by developing knowledge exchange and dissemination activities in collaboration with new stakeholders and user communities-EcoHealth Alliance, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (UNFAO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the Center for Animal Law Studies (CALS). This project is a timely and important knowledge exchange and dissemination of findings from my Leadership Fellowship "Lessons Learned on the Implementation of and Compliance with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): three case studies of best practice" (AH/R002584/1). In the original project, I investigated how to improve national CITES legislation in order to help curb the extinction of 1 million species due in part to overexploitation and illegal wildlife trade. My participants largely agreed CITES' implementation and compliance are a part of the solution, but indicated the urgent need to expand CITES' remit or seek other global solutions. In addition, now wildlife trade and trafficking have (again) been linked to zoonotic disease, such as the coronavirus pandemic. This project aims to explore unforeseen and emergent pathways to impact stemming from my Leadership Fellowship to improve wildlife trade regulation 3 ways: 1. To work in collaboration with new partners (EcoHealth Alliance, UNFAO, UNODC and CALS) to have a significant and transformative effect on the ongoing debates about: a. The link between wildlife trade, animal health and welfare, and public health b. Wildlife trafficking as a transnational organised crime fuelled by corruption c. Legal definitions of wildlife 2. To enhance the value and benefits of my AHRC-funded research beyond academia, by directly sharing/transferring the original project data to the workstreams of relevant stakeholders. 3. To enlarge the contribution of my Leadership Fellowship in terms of public engagement and policy formation related to inevitable changes to wildlife trade regulation (CITES and other emerging mechanisms) stemming from the coronavirus pandemic. To achieve these aims, my project has 4 main objectives: 1. To co-host with EcoHealth Alliance, UNFAO, UNODC and CALS 4 knowledge exchange workshops related to the ongoing debates about wildlife (Aim 1). 2. To share/transfer data from the original project into practitioner databases and relevant programmes as a Visiting Researcher with UNODC (Aim 2). 3. To develop an UNODC open access Education 4 Justice module informed by my original project (Aim 3). 4. To collaborate with an experienced journalist to craft 4 short documentary videos of the evolving wildlife trade debates and regulations (Aim 3). The knowledge exchange and dissemination of findings are targeted at new audiences-the public and supranational stakeholders influencing policy (not CITES and the parties' authorities) over a 10-month timeframe. The project's findings will be shared via Policy Briefs containing co-produced policy recommendations from the co-hosted workshops, 4 short documentary videos, an Executive Summary and 1 peer-reviewed journal article. The activities will be advertised through my extensive professional and social media networks as well as those of my partners

Health is a critical aspect of human wellbeing, interacting with material and social relations to contribute to people's freedoms and choices. Especially in Africa, clusters of health and disease problems disproportionately affect poor people. Healthy ecosystems and healthy people go together, yet the precise relationships between these remain poorly understood. The Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium will provide a new theoretical conceptualisation, integrated systems analysis and evidence base around ecosystem-health-wellbeing interactions, linked to predictive models and scenarios, tools and methods, pathways to impact and capacity-building activities geared to operationalising a 'One Health' agenda in African settings. Ecosystems may improve human wellbeing through provisioning and disease regulating services; yet they can also generate ecosystem 'disservices' such as acting as a reservoir for new 'emerging' infectious disease from wildlife. Indeed 60% of emerging infectious diseases affecting humans originate from animals, both domestic and wild. These zoonoses have a huge potential impact on human societies across the world, affecting both current and future generations. Understanding the ecological, social and economic conditions for disease emergence and transmission represents one of the major challenges for humankind today. We hypothesise that disease regulation as an ecosystem service is affected by changes in biodiversity, climate and land use, with differential impacts on people's health and wellbeing. The Consortium will investigate this hypothesis in relation to four diseases, each affected in different ways by ecosystem change, different dependencies on wildlife and livestock hosts, with diverse impacts on people, their health and their livelihoods. The cases are Lassa fever in Sierra Leone, henipaviruses in Ghana, Rift Valley Fever in Kenya and trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Through the cases we will examine comparatively the processes of disease regulation through ecosystem services in diverse settings across Africa. The cases are located in a range of different Africa ecosystem types, from humid forest in Ghana through forest-savanna transition in Sierra Leone to wooded miombo savanna in Zambia and Zimbabwe and semi-arid savanna in Kenya. These cases enable a comparative exploration of a range of environmental change processes, due to contrasting ecosystem structure, function and dynamics, representative of some of the major ecosystem types in Africa. They also allow for a comparative investigation of key political-economic and social drivers of ecosystem change from agricultural expansion and commercialisation, wildlife conservation and use, settlement and urbanisation, mining and conflict, among others. Understanding the interactions between ecosystem change, disease regulation and human wellbeing is necessarily an interdisciplinary challenge. The Consortium brings together leading natural and social scientific experts in the study of environmental change and ecosystem services; socio-economic, poverty and wellbeing issues, and health and disease. It will work through new partnerships between research and policy/implementing agencies, to build new kinds of capacity and ensure sustained pathways to impact. In all five African countries, the teams involve environmental, social and health scientists, forged as a partnership between university-based researchers and government implementing/policy agencies. Supporting a series of cross-cutting themes, linked to integrated case study work, the Consortium also brings together the University of Edinburgh, the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium and Institute of Zoology (supporting work on disease dynamics and drivers of change); ILRI (ecosystem, health and wellbeing contexts); the STEPS Centre, University of Sussex (politics and values), and the Stockholm Resilience Centre (institutions, policy and future scenarios).