Global vehicle and engine manufactures are under ever increasing pressure to produce a net zero carbon dioxide (CO2) solution for the transport industry due to legislation and climate implications. Battery electric vehicles (BEV) are becoming more abundant in today's market which is a great solution to lower tailpipe CO2 and emissions. However, battery technology has limitations for some applications, where a repeating high energy output and high operational duty cycles are required. Hydrogen (H2) is emerging as a viable future alternative fuel source for the currently well understood internal combustion engines (ICE), providing the H2 is produced from a renewable zero CO2 source. This "green" H2 can be viewed as a sustainable future fuel source.

This proposal is for a joint project between internationally-leading, UK heat transfer research groups at the Universities of Edinburgh, Brunel and Queen Mary, London in collaboration with four industrial partners (Thermacore, Oxford Nanosystems, Super Radiator Coils and Rainford Precision) in the areas of micro-fabrication and thermal management. Advances in manufacturing processes and subsequent use of smaller scale electronic devices operating at increased power densities have resulted in a critical demand for thermal management systems to provide intensive localised cooling. To prevent failure of electronic components, the temperature at which all parts of any electronic device operates must be carefully controlled. This can lead to heat removal rate requirements averaging at least 2 MW/m2 across the complete device, with peak rates of up to 10-15 MW/m2 at local 'hot spots'. Direct air cooling is limited to about 0.5 MW/m2 and liquid cooling systems are only capable of 0.7 MW/m2. Other techniques have not yet achieved heat fluxes above 1 MW/m2. Boiling in microchannels offers the best prospect of achieving such high heat fluxes with uniform surface temperature. In a closed system an equally compact and effective condenser is required for heat rejection to the environment. At high heat flux, evaporator dry-out poses a serious problem, leading to localised overheating of the surface and hence potentially to burn out of electronic components reliant on this evaporative cooling. Use of novel mixtures, termed 'self-rewetting fluids', whose surface tension properties lend themselves to improved wetting on hot surfaces, potentially offers scope for enhanced cooling technologies. In this project, two different aqueous alcohol solutions (one of which is self-rewetting) will be studied to ascertain whether they can provide the necessary evaporative and condensation characteristics required for a closed-loop cooling system capable of more than 2 MW/m2. Researchers at the University of Edinburgh will study the fundamentals of wetting and evaporation/condensation of the mixtures to establish the optimum mixture concentrations and heat transfer surface coating for both evaporation and condensation, using advanced imaging techniques. At Brunel University London, applications of the fluids in metallic single and multi microchannel evaporators will be investigated. Researchers at Queen Mary University London will carry out experimental and theoretical work on condensation of the mixtures in compact exchangers. The combined results will feed into the design of a complete microscale closed-loop evaporative cooling system. Thermacore will provide micro-scale heat exchangers and Oxford Nanosystems will provide structured surface coatings. Sustainable Engine Systems, Super Radiator Coils and will provide advice and represent additional ways of taking developments originating from this research to the market. Rainford Precision will provide Brunel University micro tools and support on their use in micromachining.

The aim of this project is to develop a new microfluidic device in which a 3D vaginal epithelial layer can be developed with in vivo functionality. This will be done using established micro-engineering and 3D printing techniques developed at Brunel. Cell and tissue functionality will be assessed using specific assays. The greater aim of this project is to develop a new tool for scientists, a vagina-on-a-chip which can be used for the development of new to understand enigmatic conditions such as bacterial vaginosis (BV). The main aims of this project are: To develop an automated Vagina-on-a-Chip device. To create functional, physiological vaginal micro tissues within the device.

StoryFutures China brings together two of the world's leading cultural institutions - The National Gallery in the UK and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum in China - to research, prototype and develop immersive storytelling experiences that both enhance visitor experiences on-site as well as allow for the Gallery and the Museum to take experiences to the audience, wherever they are in the world. This groundbreaking collaboration will create two audience-facing immersive prototypes, one at each location, that are specifically designed to speak to local audiences as well as travel to their counterpart institution in the UK or China. In so doing, StoryFutures China will facilitate a new level of cultural exchange between the two countries by promoting an approach to visitor experiences that has the international visitor in mind as much as the nation's citizenry. Themed around a concern with "art in science" and "science in art and", this collaboration will enhance and translate artworks and historical artefacts for visitors by using immersive technologies to provide additional layers of informational depth and emotional engagement by revealing the stories behind some of each countries' national treasures. This project addresses major challenges for both the UK's and China's creative and cultural industries by examining how the disruptive capabilities of immersive technologies can be harnessed to produce new audience experiences, business models and cultural value that can drive economic growth in both countries. It draws on the unique strength and position of the successful StoryFutures project, funded by the UK's Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, including a well-established collaborative model with The National Gallery, to promote an open innovation approach to developing immersive storytelling prototypes that respond to clearly identified audience behaviours and needs. By utilising StoryFutures' open innovation framework, this project will introduce novelty into large organisations' supply chains, develop new business models and create immersive prototypes that can be experienced and tested by thousands of visitors to promote better understandings and cultural exchange between countries. Moreover, the prototypes will stand as "use cases" for future collaborations between the UK and China and, within each country, represent scalable opportunities for the growing visitor experience economy at cultural and commercial institutions. In so doing, the project underscores the role of cultural institutions in promoting growth and innovation in the wider creative economy. By focusing on the themes of "art in science" and "science in art", StoryFutures China develops an area of major concern in both museums and art galleries, brokering a relationship that is collaborative rather than competitive. By bringing together cultural institutions from across sectors, the project will promote best practice and knowledge exchange in how best to harness the disruptive technologies of AR, MR and VR for visitor experiences and how to reach audiences away from the physical location of each institution. The project draws on the world-class research in design at Brunel, storytelling and audience insight at Royal Holloway and the long-standing expertise in the immersive tech by Shanghai Foremost Group. In particular, it builds on the success of the Virtual Veronese prototype developed by StoryFutures and The National Gallery: the insights from this project revealed that whilst an experience could uniquely blend the physical and the digital for visitors on site in the use of AR, the potential for VR was to take the Gallery to the audience wherever they may be.

Cancer remains one of the most serious health risks and cause of death worldwide. The International Agency Research for Cancer (IARC) documented over 14 million new cancer cases and over 8 million cancer deaths worldwide for 2012, forecasting over 21 million new cases and 13 million new cancer deaths worldwide for 2030 (Ferlay et al, 2015). World Health Organisation (WHO) and GLOBOCAN both reported 9.6 million cancer related deaths worldwide for 2018, showing a 20% increase in mortality as compared with 2012 data (Stewart, 2014 and Ferlay et al, 2018). High treatments costs, side-effects, multicausal etiology and the complex pathophysiology of cancer inclusive of an intrinsic and acquired resistance are becoming increasingly problematic for conventional clinical interventions (Yuan et al, 2015, 2017 and 2019). Characteristics of synergy relative to plant extracts (PEs) have been shown to combat the above-mentioned problem effectively utilizing synergistic multi-target effects, pharmacokinetic/physiochemical properties, alongside mechanisms that antagonize resistance and eliminate or neutralize adversely acting substances in vitro and in vivo (Wagner and Ulrich-Merzenic, 2009 and Nandi et al, 2019). The synergistic efficacy of PEs is commonly determined by the widely used Berenbaum's isobole method, able to comparatively determine quantitatively the degree of pharmacological and therapeutic superiority of interacting components relative to the sum of the respective isolate mono constituent of the PEs (Berenbaum 1997). In terms of conventional clinical interventions relative to infectious disease, oncology and immunoinflammatory disease - the common approach is widespread application of ligand specific single target drugs directed by a capital-intensive model. Although highly successful in many cases, a decreasing effectiveness has been noted (Petrelli and Giordano, 2008 and Wagner 2010). Multi component combination therapy provides a novel alternative or complementary approach, where PEs are of particular interest as some cancer types have already shown multi drug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutics accounting for 90% of cancer deaths during treatment (Rather et al 2013: Cercek et al 2020). Seed, leaf, fruit-pulp and bark extracts from Annona muricata otherwise known as Graviola, guanabana or soursop (amongst other names) have been shown to possess clinically significant anticancer effects against malignant cells, successful at inducing cell death/apoptosis in cancers resistant to even chemotherapeutic drugs (Chang et al, 2001 and Moghadamtousi, et al 2015). Crude Graviola PEs (GPEs) and partially fractionated GPEs exhibit cytotoxic effects on breast, prostate, pancreas, skin and liver cancer cells in-vitro and in-vivo. Many reports on the purification and characterisation of almost 100 compounds from GPEs are available shown GPEs to be rich in in flavonoids, isoquinoline, alkaloids and annonoaceous acetogenins (Moghadamtousi et al 2015, Sawant and Dongre 2014). Chan et al 2019, after a systematic safety and tolerability review of Graviola leaf extract (GLE) concluded favourable safety and tolerability profile. Annonaceous acetogenins are considered to be the major groups of phytochemicals in GPEs that induce cytotoxicity in cultured cells, mainly via inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 (McLaughlin 2008). However, many other compounds obtained from GPEs have not been functionally detailed. To note, GPEs development into new drug entities is restricted by its neurotoxic effects and loss in some pharmacotherapeutic effects in vivo effects during extraction/separation processes (Luna Jde et al, 2006). Also use of single or several GPE derived acetogenins lead to toxic side effects and eventually cell death despite expressing greater efficacy (Sun et al, 2014). However, this only fuels the need to synergistic studies on GPEs where flavonoids in presence of acetogenins have recently been shown to have greater significant