The EC has set the ambition to become climate neutral by 2050. As not all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be avoided, such as GHGs from biological processes in agriculture, carbon removal will become increasingly important to meet the neutrality targets set. Besides carbon capture and storage by industry, carbon sequestration in the land use sector will need to compensate for the remaining emissions. In this respect, reliable yet cost-effective systems to monitor, report and verify efforts by land managers become increasingly important. This is particularly relevant for the international GHG inventory reporting, and for the development of payment systems to reward land managers for sequestering carbon and reducing GHG emissions by carbon farming (CF). The interest in CF schemes is substantial, as illustrated by the large number of (pilot) payment schemes that have been initiated in recent years. Most of the schemes are experimenting on relatively small geographical areas with a relatively small number of land managers involved. In the ‘Sustainable carbon cycles communication’ that was launched in December 2021, the EC has expressed the challenging ambition that ‘every land manager should have access to verified emission and removal data by 2028 to enable a wide uptake of CF’. MARVIC has been specifically designed to generate instruments and knowledge that enable fulfilling this ambition. The main goal of MARVIC is to develop and test a reliable Framework for the design of harmonized, context-specific MRV systems (‘MRV Framework’) for assessing carbon stock changes in soils and woody biomass and soil GHG emissions. The development of a generic MRV Framework, applicable to all agricultural land-use activities, is essential for boosting faith in public and private CF schemes in Europe.

In the EU, 60-70% of soils are degraded as a direct result of unsustainable management. However, tackling this multifaceted challenge is not an easy task, mainly because farmers' decisions are influenced by a wide range of factors, making it difficult to define regenerative soil management practices that are simultaneously effective, economical, have demonstrable yield benefits and are easy to implement. In this context, the goal is to foster a collective awareness, at the the level of five Mediterranean regions, that soils and humans must be understood as social-ecological systems and that no organisation/solution alone is capable of sustainably transforming the system. The desired change can only emerge when the innovation process is supported by an exploration phase enabling actors to identify their personal (from individuals to organisations) drivers, ultimately aligning purposes and behaviours toward impactful collective actions. To demonstrate this, the project will apply co-creation tools to multi-actor governance structures, emphasising the building up of a shared awareness of soil threats over the identification of specific technologies. The main objectives of the proposed plan are: 1) to explore regional needs and drivers, and to validate governance models for operating multi-actor co-creation processes; 2) to establish a network of five agro-innovation hubs sustained by underlying business models; 3) to define harmonised regional baselines for 7 out of the 8 indicators found in the Soil Mission Implementation plan; 4) to kick-start the multi-actor co-design and validation of solutions for soil health that are practical and scalable; 5) to facilitate the diffusion of innovation through a plethora of communication and dissemination actions. GOV4ALL concentrates on 3 Mediterranean pedo-climatic zones, where the hubs will serve as sustainable innovation centres, aiding the Soil Mission's objectives and inspiring soil regeneration regionally and beyond.

<< Background >>The project underlines the need to improve university education in the agricultural sector to train students on the relevant skills for becoming agripreneurs 4.0 (which is currently barely absent. It becomes fundamental for academics to develop new collaborations with other Universities, but also companies working in the sector (providers of Precision Agriculture services) and PA farmers, in order to have an overall vision on the field and being able to foresight technologic and market changes<< Objectives >>One of the aims of SPARKLE was to bring together research, Sustainable Precision Agriculture (SPA) farmers, and students to develop and fill the gap in the educational offer to prepare farmers and agriculture's business managers of the future. The project aimed to develop and release an e-learning educational offer keeping together entrepreneurial competencies and SPA knowledge, thanks to the practical experience of SPA farmers, providers of SPA services and according to students’ needs.<< Implementation >>The pilot test phase let 206 students become “agripreuners 4.0” across Partner countries. Pilot actions executed in different Countries tested the flexibility, adaptability and transferability of the developed educational outputs enabling multiplication in various cultural environments, both in the Partnership and outside. Moreover, the quality of educational outputs was cross-validated among participants of various backgrounds and geographic settings and collectively improved when necessary.<< Results >>The main result of the project was the creation of a new training program for university students, agri-entrepreneurs, academics, service providers, school students in the form of an e-Learning course, in order­­ to enhance their technical, business-oriented skills and entrepreneurial activity in a smart environment. The course was composed of 12 modules on SPA-related topics, 8 hours of entrepreneurial education, 4 hours of on-field activities. Additional training resources were also provided.

The European Commission is developing the first EU-wide voluntary framework for certifying carbon removals, carbon farming and carbon storage in products across Europe. By establishing EU quality criteria and laying down monitoring and reporting processes, the CRCF Regulation will facilitate the adoption of carbon farming solutions, while addressing greenwashing, and provides a "result-based" (quantified) remuneration system for farmers and foresters' climate performance. Key to the CRCF regulation are robust cost-effective Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems and a geographically explicit registry. Therefore, the main goal of CAFAMORE is to develop an EU-wide parcel level monitoring approach for Carbon Farming, with harmonisation and automation of data collection, robust and cost-effective quantification of activities and baselines, a spatially explicit registry and a robust market place. This will be accompanied by an in-depth assessment of the carbon markets and business strategies for carbon farming. CAFAMORE will facilitate certification schemes by providing tools for the quantification and monitoring of Carbon Farming activities through providing operational processing chains that connect earth observation data, soil and management data and models, including changes in SOC stocks, woody biomass and soil N2O emissions. This parcel-level data collection infrastructure can also serve companies for their CSRD reporting and member states for their National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The MRV approaches and tools will be tested with farmers and certification actors in seven pilot countries, covering the main climatic zones and the diversity in European agriculture. The digital infrastructure and MRV tools will reduce the administrative burden for land managers, provide transparency over collected data and certificates and trust to the Carbon Farming market, which should increase the attractiveness of carbon farming.